broschuere ee zahlen en bf

The gross saving in fossil fuels is then compared with the fossil primary energy needed to
produce biogenic fuels and to produce and operate installations for electricity generation
from renewable sources.
Electricity sector
Consumption of
primary energy
(fossil fuels)
Energy sources [kWh /kWh ]
prim el
lignite (power plant) 2.72
hard coal (power plant) 2.62
natural gas (power plant) 2.18
Petroleum (power plant) 2.59
hydropower 0.01
Wind energy 0.04
Photovoltaics 0.31
solid biomass (chP) 0.06
liquid biomass (BchP) 0.26
Biogas (BchP) 0.37
sewage/landfill gas (BchP) 0.00
Biogenic fraction of waste 0.03
geothermal energy 0.47
sources: Öko-institut [90]; ecoinvent [84];
Vogt et al. [89]; Frick et al. [86]
Heat sector
Consumption of
primary energy
(fossil fuels)
Energy sources [kWh /kWh ]
prim final
natural gas (heating systems) 1.15
heating oil (heating systems) 1.18
lignite briquettes (stoves) 1.22
hard-coal coke (stoves) 1.38
distric heat 1) 1.19
electricity 2) 1.71
Firewood (heating systems) 0.04
Wood pellets (heating systems) 0.11
Biomass (industry) 0.15
Biomass (chP) 0.02
liquid biomass (BchP) 0.09
Biogas (BchP) 0.06
Biogenic fraction of waste 0.01
deep geothermal energy 0.47
heat pumps 0.58
solar thermal energy 0.12
1) Fossil mix excluding waste and renewables;
incl. grid losses
2) share of fossil primary energy excluding
uranium; incl. grid losses
sources: Öko-institut [90]; ecoinvent [84];
Vogt et al. [89]; Frick et al. [86]
annex: methodological notes
Transport sector
Renewable Energy Sources in Figures
Consumption of
primary energy
(fossil fuels)
Energy sources [kWh /kWh ]
prim final
Petrol 1.21
diesel
1.15
Biodiesel (rapeseed) 0.57
Biodiesel (soya) 0.69
Biodiesel (palm oil) 0.52
Biodiesel (waste) 0.40
Vegetable oil (raps) 0.23
Bioethanol (grain) 0.43
Bioethanol (beets) 0.43
Bioethanol
(sugar cane)
The primary energy saving in the heat sector is also calculated from the substitution factors
and the cumulative fossil energy needed to supply heat from both fossil and renewable sources
(cf. Annex, Section 4).
The savings in the secondary energy sources “district heating” and “electricity” are allocated
in the same proportion as the primary energy sources used to produce the district heating
and electricity. On this basis the fossil fuel mix saved by district heating works out at 61 %
natural gas, 28 % coal, 2 % oil and 9 % lignite. The fuel mix for electricity generation is 24 %
lignite, 22 % nuclear power, 19 % coal, 14 % natural gas, 4 % miscellaneous and 17 % renewable
energy sources. Grid and other losses are applied at a flat rate of 8 % for district heating
and 14 % for electricity.
0.18
sources: Öko-institut [90]; iFeU [122]
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