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A competitive, sustainable and secure <strong>en</strong>ergy supply is the key elem<strong>en</strong>t for continued positive<br />

developm<strong>en</strong>t of industry and the economy in the EU and the prosperity of the population.<br />

Thus the expansion of r<strong>en</strong>ewable <strong>en</strong>ergy supplies is an ess<strong>en</strong>tial elem<strong>en</strong>t of the EU Strategy<br />

2020. The introduction of the Electricity Directive in 2001 gave a positive impetus to the<br />

expansion of r<strong>en</strong>ewables in the electricity sector. Special m<strong>en</strong>tion must be made here of the<br />

contribution made by solar <strong>en</strong>ergy and wind power.<br />

Photovoltaic has displayed expon<strong>en</strong>tial developm<strong>en</strong>t in the last 10 years. At the <strong>en</strong>d of 2010<br />

an estimated total of 29.3 GW p photovoltaic capacity was installed in the EU. New capacity<br />

added in 2010 came to around 13 GW p . From a global point of view, the EU leads the field in<br />

terms of both total installed capacity and market share 2010 [120], [142].<br />

In the wind sector, the EU ranks third among the global Top T<strong>en</strong>, with a total installed capacity<br />

of 84.1 GW. Moreover, a quarter of global wind <strong>en</strong>ergy capacity was added in the EU in<br />

2010, putting the EU in fifth place in the global Top T<strong>en</strong> [111].<br />

The International Energy Ag<strong>en</strong>cy estimates total global solar collector capacity at the <strong>en</strong>d of<br />

2009 to be 172.4 GHW th . Around 15 % of this is installed in EU Member States [110]. The contribution<br />

of marine <strong>en</strong>ergy to <strong>en</strong>ergy supplies in the EU, and also in global terms, is still negligible,<br />

but this sector is believed to have considerable pot<strong>en</strong>tial. The world’s first commercial<br />

wave power plant was connected to the grid on 8 July 2011 in Mutriku/Spain. The plant has a<br />

total capacity of 300 kW and is expected to supply around 250 households with electricity in<br />

future. [144].<br />

With total investm<strong>en</strong>ts of 77.4 billion USD in gr<strong>ee</strong>n technologies, the EU-27 led the world<br />

in 2010, according to a study published in March 2011 by the Pew Environm<strong>en</strong>tal Group in<br />

Washington. R<strong>en</strong>ewables receive particularly g<strong>en</strong>erous assistance in Germany; a total of<br />

41.2 billion USD has b<strong>ee</strong>n invested in r<strong>en</strong>ewable <strong>en</strong>ergy technologies. Germany is thus the<br />

world’s number two, after China with 54.4 billion USD. The USA, with 34.0 billion USD, took<br />

third place ahead of Italy, which invested 13.9 billion USD in r<strong>en</strong>ewables [121].<br />

eU: USe oF r<strong>en</strong>ewable <strong>en</strong>ergieS<br />

R<strong>en</strong>ewable Energy Sources in Figures<br />

65

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