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EU: SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS 78 Renewable Energy Sources in Figures Socio-economic aspects of renewable energies in the EU, 2009 Turnover from renewable energies in 2009 Wind energy Solid biomass Photo- voltaics Biofuels Geoth. energy [mill. EUR] Biogas Solar thermal energy Small Hydropower 2) Total countries Germany 1) 6,050 9,450 12,000 3,150 2,000 2,300 1,350 350 36,650 Denmark 12,260 400 60 220 < 5 35 45 5 13,030 France 3,000 2,775 1,660 1,950 2,280 210 615 360 12,850 Sweden 1,250 5,350 550 1,800 810 N/A 40 280 10,080 Italy 2,500 900 3,500 1,500 N/A 500 360 440 9,700 Spain 3,800 1,300 3,000 750 N/A 45 320 400 9,615 United Kingdom 3,500 300 750 170 N/A 1,000 75 N/A 5,795 Austria 350 2,140 550 400 215 50 500 500 4,705 Finland 1,500 1,260 10 210 135 10 < 5 25 3,155 Czech. Republic 70 < 5 1,500 220 N/A 110 70 50 2,025 Rest of EU 3,943 3,085 2,326 1,570 460 160 825 211 12,580 Total sectors 38,223 26,965 25,906 11,940 5,905 4,420 4,250 2,621 120,185 The figures take account of production, distribution and installation of the plants, plus operation and maintenance. Source: Observ’ER [101] 1) For consistency reasons, the figures for Germany are taken from the stated source; since the figures on pages 34 – 35 were calculated on the basis of a different system, comparisons are not possible. 2) < 10 MW installed capacity According to Observ’ER, sales of more than 120 billion EUR were made by the renewable energy sector in the EU in 2009. The rankings are headed by Germany, with total sales of nearly 37 billion EUR. It is followed after a considerable gap by Denmark, France and Sweden, which together made a further 36 billion EUR. Thus a total of 60 % of sales by the entire renewable energy sector was due to these four countries [101]. With more than 38 billion EUR – i.e. nearly one third of the total volume – wind energy is the sector with the biggest sales. Solid biomass and photovoltaic power take second and third place. In 2009 there were already 910,000 jobs in the renewable energy sector throughout the EU. With over 333,000 jobs, Germany had the largest share, followed by France with a further 135,000 jobs. As far as the individual sectors are concerned, solid biomass comes first with about 284,000 jobs, followed by wind energy with about 244,000 jobs. In 2010 more than 3.5 million people were employed in the renewable energies sector worldwide [113].
Jobs in the renewable energies sector in 2009 Waste 3 % Biogas 4 % Biofuels 9 % Wind energy 27 % according to sectors Solid biomass 31 % Photovoltaics 13 % Geoth. energy 6 % Solar therm. en. 5 % Total about 912,200 Jobs Small hydropower 1) 2 % DE 2) 333,400 FR 135,270 ES 82,845 according to countries Rest of EU 258,105 EU: SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS IT 63,200 1) < 10 MW installed capacity 2) The figures for Germany differ from the data shown on page 36, since Observ’ER determines the number of jobs without taking account of large-scale hydropower. Neither do they include jobs due to publicly assisted research/administration. Source: Observ’ER [101] SE 39,400 Renewable Energy Sources in Figures 79
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Renewable Energy Sources in Figures
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ContEntS Foreword 5 pArt i: GErmAnY
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ForEWorD Dear Readers, The consiste
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WorKinG GroUp on rEnEWABLE EnErGiES
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Expansion of power grids In future
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Renewable energy share increases de
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Renewable energy shares of energy s
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Structure of renewables-based energ
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Development of electricity generati
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Shares of total renewables-based in
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Development of heat supply from ren
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Development of renewables-based fue
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In the case of electricity and heat
Page 27 and 28: Emission balance of renewables-base
Page 29 and 30: Emission balance for renewables-bas
Page 31 and 32: Emission balance for renewable-base
Page 33 and 34: The tables show details of the savi
Page 35 and 36: Trends in investments in renewable
Page 37 and 38: Initial and further training in the
Page 39 and 40: In retrospect, important assumption
Page 41 and 42: [tWh] electricity feed-in/eeg Struc
Page 43 and 44: ards of the Energy Saving Ordinance
Page 45 and 46: Assistance funding and resulting in
Page 47 and 48: Environmental damage from emission
Page 49 and 50: Some of the costs and benefits of r
Page 51 and 52: Promotion of research and developme
Page 53 and 54: potentIal capacItIes Long-term sust
Page 55 and 56: Structural challenges: Expansion of
Page 57 and 58: PART II: RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN THE
Page 59 and 60: The National Renewable Energy Actio
Page 61 and 62: Structure of total renewable energy
Page 63 and 64: Structure of final energy consumpti
Page 65 and 66: A competitive, sustainable and secu
Page 67 and 68: Development of the share of renewab
Page 69 and 70: Renewables-based electricity supply
Page 71 and 72: Wind energy use in the EU Installed
Page 73 and 74: At the end of 2010, total wind ener
Page 75 and 76: equivalent to an additional collect
Page 77: In 2009 Observ’ER [101] puts the
Page 81 and 82: The examples of wind energy and pho
Page 83 and 84: Development of world population and
Page 85 and 86: Renewables-based energy production
Page 87 and 88: Renewables-based shares of energy d
Page 89 and 90: 2009 Rural areas Persons using trad
Page 91 and 92: In 2008, the renewables share of el
Page 93 and 94: Renewable Energy Policy Network for
Page 95 and 96: Clean Energy Ministerial - CEM - Th
Page 97 and 98: 1. Energy supply from photovoltaic
Page 99 and 100: The emission factors for fossil and
Page 101 and 102: 5. Calculating avoidance factors an
Page 103 and 104: The gross saving in fossil fuels is
Page 105 and 106: 8. Organisation for Economic Cooper
Page 107 and 108: Conversion factors Terawatt hour: 1
Page 109 and 110: List of Sources Communications from
Page 111 and 112: [38] Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- u
Page 113 and 114: [92] Umweltbundesamt (UBA): Zentral
Page 115 and 116: [135] Sensfuß, F.: Analysen zum Me
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