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equivalent to an additional collector area of approximately 3.8 million m 2 (for comparison:
which corresponds to a size of around 500 football fields). Total cumulative solar collector
capacity in the EU at the end of 2010 was around 25.1 GW th (about 36 million m 2 ).
There are however great differences between countries when it comes to the market penetration
of solar thermal applications. As in the preceding years, Cyprus continues to lead the
field with a capacity of around 611 kW th per 1,000 inhabitants. The EU average is only around
50 kW th per 1,000 inhabitants [109].
To date, the most important application for solar thermal energy is hot water. In recent years,
however, increasing numbers of combined systems have been installed which not only produce
hot water, but also boost central heating systems. For example, the number of combined
systems installed in Germany during 2010 accounted for nearly 50 % of the additional installations,
and in terms of capacity as much as two thirds.
At the end of 2008 there were some 126 large installations (> 500 m 2 ; > 350 kW th ) operating
in Europe with a total capacity of 166 MW th , mainly for supplying solar thermal district/local
heating systems [110].
The biggest solar district heating plant worldwide is located at Marstal (Denmark). With a collector
area of 18,365 m 2 and a thermal capacity of 12.9 MW th , the installation supplies one
third of Marstal’s heat requirements. When completed, an installation in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,
for which the contract was awarded in April 2011, will have nearly double the collector
area at 36,305 m 2 . Germany’s largest solar local heating plant is to be found in Crailsheim,
with a capacity of 7 MW th and a collector area of 10,000 m 2 [106, 107, 110].
Worldwide, a solar collector capacity of around 172 GW th was operating at the end of 2009
(for 2010 the SHC [110] estimates the capacity at 196 GW th ). This installed capacity produced
around 142 TWh th (510 PJ), thereby saving some 46 million tonnes of the greenhouse gas carbon
dioxide. An estimated 270,000 people were employed in the solar thermal sector worldwide
in 2009.
Total installed solar collector capacity in the EU at end of 2010
Figures provisional
Source: Observ’ER [109]
39 %
13 %
EU-27 total:
about 25,140 MW th
18 %
11 %
7 %
6 %
6 %
Austria
Greece
France
Italy
Spain
Rest of EU
Germany
Renewable Energy Sources in Figures
EU: HEAT SUPPLY
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