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joBs Wind energy Biomass solar energy Hydropower Geoth. energy Publicly assisted research / administration 36 Renewable Energy Sources in Figures Employment in Germany’s renewable energies sector The importance of renewable energy sources as an economic factor in Germany is continuing to grow. This is reflected by increasing investment in installations and production capacity, and also by an ongoing rise in employment in this sector. According to a current BMU research project ([36], [63], [146]), initial estimates indicate that a total of more than 367,000 jobs in Germany can be attributed to the field of renewable energies in 2010. This is more than double the figure for 2004 (approx. 160,000 employees). About 262,000 jobs, i.e. more than two thirds of the jobs counted in 2010, were due to the effects of the Renewable Energy Sources Act. The number of employees is determined on the basis of data on investments in installations for the use of renewable energy, expenditure on their operation, estimates of foreign trade by the relevant industry and the relevant intermediate products, e.g. the necessary supplies of biomass, and also industrial intermediate products by other sectors. To this must be added employment resulting from public and non-profit funds in this sector, including employees in the public service. The labor market in the renewable energies and related sectors is also expected to show positive development in the future [63]. On this basis, if the German companies operating in the field of renewable energy continue to be successful on the global markets, employment resulting from renewable energy in Germany could rise to more than half a million employees by 2030. In addition, macroeconomic model calculations were used to take account of the present negative cost factors and calculate the resulting net employment remaining after the deduction of all negative effects. This indicates that in virtually all scenarios analysed, an ambitious expansion of renewable energy sources in Germany leads to more jobs than an energy supply system that largely dispenses with renewable energy. More information on this topic can be found on the BMU website http://www.erneuerbare-energien.de/inhalt/40289. Employment in Germany’s renewable energies sector 1,800 7,600 7,800 8,100 9,500 7,500 6,500 4,500 3,400 13,300 14,500 10,300 25,100 sources: BmU [62], [63], [38] 49,200 56,800 63,900 80,600 85,700 96,100 102,100 2010: about 367,400 jobs 2009: about 339,500 jobs 2007: about 277,300 jobs 2004: about 160,500 jobs 122,000 128,000 119,500 120,900 increase in 2010 compared to 2004: about 129 %
Initial and further training in the renewable energy sector in Germany The expansion of renewable energy in Germany is to make dynamic progress in the years ahead, and to this end the German government has set ambitious targets. This expansion also has positive effects on the labour market. Today more than 367,000 people (see page 36) have jobs in this area, and the number of employees will continue rising in the years to come. To ensure that there are enough skilled employees available for this fast-growing market of the future, the topic of renewable energy needs to be addressed at every level in the field of initial and further training. In recent years the Federal Environment Ministry has initiated discussion processes which in some cases have already led to activities on a basis that cuts across trades or educational paths. The educational sector is now called upon to take up “Renewables” as the topic of the future. The project-oriented assistance for renewable energy sources by the Federal Environment Ministry (see http://www.erneuerbare-energien.de/inhalt/42758/) has helped to take a closer look at the field of education for renewable energy and to develop teaching material for various educational areas. For example, schools and initial and further vocational training establishments can obtain a wide variety of material, e.g. from the BMU Education Service (http://www.bmu.de/bildungsservice/aktuell/6807.php). At university level a large number of courses geared to renewable energy have emerged, including some permitting a special focus on this field. As yet, however, there is no regularly updated overview of the opportunities for further education and the quality of the offerings. An initial overview is provided by Internet portals on industry-specific opportunities for further education in the field of renewable energy. The following list is only a selection and makes no claim to completeness. informationsportal studium erneuerbare energien http://www.studium-erneuerbare-energien.de/ energieagentur nRW http://whoiswho.wissensportal-energie.de/ Wissenschaftsladen Bonn http://www.jobmotor-erneuerbare.de/ Bildungsportal Windenergie http://www.bildungsportal-windenergie.de/ solarserver – online Portal to solar energy http://www.solarserver.com Renewable energies agency http://www.unendlich-viel-energie.de/en/ initiaL and FURtHeR tRaininG Renewable Energy Sources in Figures 37
Page 1 and 2: Renewable Energy Sources in Figures
Page 3 and 4: ContEntS Foreword 5 pArt i: GErmAnY
Page 5 and 6: ForEWorD Dear Readers, The consiste
Page 7 and 8: WorKinG GroUp on rEnEWABLE EnErGiES
Page 9 and 10: Expansion of power grids In future
Page 11 and 12: Renewable energy share increases de
Page 13 and 14: Renewable energy shares of energy s
Page 15 and 16: Structure of renewables-based energ
Page 17 and 18: Development of electricity generati
Page 19 and 20: Shares of total renewables-based in
Page 21 and 22: Development of heat supply from ren
Page 23 and 24: Development of renewables-based fue
Page 25 and 26: In the case of electricity and heat
Page 27 and 28: Emission balance of renewables-base
Page 29 and 30: Emission balance for renewables-bas
Page 31 and 32: Emission balance for renewable-base
Page 33 and 34: The tables show details of the savi
Page 35: Trends in investments in renewable
Page 39 and 40: In retrospect, important assumption
Page 41 and 42: [tWh] electricity feed-in/eeg Struc
Page 43 and 44: ards of the Energy Saving Ordinance
Page 45 and 46: Assistance funding and resulting in
Page 47 and 48: Environmental damage from emission
Page 49 and 50: Some of the costs and benefits of r
Page 51 and 52: Promotion of research and developme
Page 53 and 54: potentIal capacItIes Long-term sust
Page 55 and 56: Structural challenges: Expansion of
Page 57 and 58: PART II: RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN THE
Page 59 and 60: The National Renewable Energy Actio
Page 61 and 62: Structure of total renewable energy
Page 63 and 64: Structure of final energy consumpti
Page 65 and 66: A competitive, sustainable and secu
Page 67 and 68: Development of the share of renewab
Page 69 and 70: Renewables-based electricity supply
Page 71 and 72: Wind energy use in the EU Installed
Page 73 and 74: At the end of 2010, total wind ener
Page 75 and 76: equivalent to an additional collect
Page 77 and 78: In 2009 Observ’ER [101] puts the
Page 79 and 80: Jobs in the renewable energies sect
Page 81 and 82: The examples of wind energy and pho
Page 83 and 84: Development of world population and
Page 85 and 86: Renewables-based energy production
Page 87 and 88:
Renewables-based shares of energy d
Page 89 and 90:
2009 Rural areas Persons using trad
Page 91 and 92:
In 2008, the renewables share of el
Page 93 and 94:
Renewable Energy Policy Network for
Page 95 and 96:
Clean Energy Ministerial - CEM - Th
Page 97 and 98:
1. Energy supply from photovoltaic
Page 99 and 100:
The emission factors for fossil and
Page 101 and 102:
5. Calculating avoidance factors an
Page 103 and 104:
The gross saving in fossil fuels is
Page 105 and 106:
8. Organisation for Economic Cooper
Page 107 and 108:
Conversion factors Terawatt hour: 1
Page 109 and 110:
List of Sources Communications from
Page 111 and 112:
[38] Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- u
Page 113 and 114:
[92] Umweltbundesamt (UBA): Zentral
Page 115 and 116:
[135] Sensfuß, F.: Analysen zum Me
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