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annex: methodological notes
106 Renewable Energy Sources in Figures
9. Effect of EU Directive 2009/28/EC on renewable energy statistics
EU Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources
contains detailed requirements with regard to calculating the achievement of targets. To
some extent these differ from the calculation methods used in Germany to date, which
form the underlying methods used in this brochure. The following differences in particular
should be noted:
ó The target is based on gross final consumption of energy,
ó Electricity supplied by hydropower and wind energy is normalised,
ó There are special requirements for calculating the shares of heat consumption
and in the transport sector.
Gross final consumption of energy is defined as follows in Article 2 (f) of Directive 2009/28/EC:
‘gross final consumption of energy’ means the energy commodities delivered for energy purposes to
industry, transport, households, services including public services, agriculture, forestry and fisheries,
including the consumption of electricity and heat by the energy branch for electricity and heat production
and including losses of electricity and heat in distribution and transmission.
In the national statistics to date (e.g. in this brochure), final energy consumption has been
defined as the portion used for energy purposes of that energy quantity within Germany that
reaches the final consumer. Gross final energy according to the Directive corresponds to
final energy plus grid losses and plus the internal consumption of the generating plants, and
is therefore higher.
When calculating the contributions of wind energy and hydropower, the effects of climate
fluctuations on electricity yield are taken into account. As a result of this “normalisation” in
terms of an average year, the figure for wind and hydropower no longer corresponds to the
actual yield for the year in question, but provides a better picture of the relevant expansion.
Target achievement calculations in the transport sector only take account of sustainably produced
biofuels plus the contribution due to the electricity which is generated from renewable
sources and consumed in all types of electric vehicles. Furthermore, a factor of 2 is applied to
biofuels from residues, lignocellulose, biomass-to-liquids (BtL) and biogas from residues, and a
factor of 2.5 to renewable electricity in the road traffic sector.
Thus comparisons between data determined in accordance with the requirements of the EU
Directive and statistics from other sources, such as the data under the Renewable Energy
Sources Act or the national statistics, may be of limited value.