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WORLD: ELECTRICITY gENERATION 90 Renewable Energy Sources in Figures Global electricity generation from renewable energies Renewable energies: shares of worldwide electricity generation in 2008 Oil 5.5 % gas 21.3 % Coal 1) 41.2 % Nuclear energy 13.5 % RE share 18.5 % Other 2) 1.5 % Hydropower 15.9 % Biomass/waste 1.1 % Worldwide electricity generation from hydropower, at 15.9 %, accounts for more than nuclear power (13.5 %). But if one looks at the shares of primary energy consumption, the situation is reversed: nuclear power, with 5.8 %, accounts for a much larger share of primary energy consumption than hydropower with 2.2 %. The reason for this distortion is that under international agreements, electricity from nuclear energy is assessed for primary energy purposes on the basis of an average conversion efficiency of 33 %, whereas electricity generation from hydropower by the physical energy content method is assumed to have an efficiency of 100 %. 1) Includes non-renewable share of waste (0.3 %) 2) geothermal energy, solar, wind, marine energy Source: IEA [103] In 2008 roughly one fifth of worldwide electricity production was generated using renewable energy technologies. The most important renewable resource in the conversion sector is hydro power, which alone supplies 15.9 % of worldwide electricity volume. In the electricity sector, biogenic energy sources play only a minor role with a share of 1.1 %. Although the other renewable energy technologies – geothermal, solar and wind energy – can boast rapid growth, in 2008 their contribution only came to 1.5 % of global electricity generation.
In 2008, the renewables share of electricity generation stood at 18.5 %, compared to 19.5 % in 1990. The relatively low growth of hydropower in the OECD is the main reason for the fall in the global share. With a share of 80 %, hydropower is the largest contributor to renewable electricity generation. However, hydropower potential in most industrialised countries is already exhausted. In these countries the growth thrust needed to increase the worldwide renewables share can only be achieved by stepping up the expansion of other renewable technologies. Looking at the non-OECD countries, in which more than half of global renewable electricity production takes place, there is reason to expect that in view of rising incomes and the faster population growth than in the industrialised countries, the growth in total electricity requirements will in future be higher than in the OECD. As a result, the growth of renewables will at least have to keep pace with the global share. Electricity generation from renewable energies in various regions, 2008 Hydropower Solid biomass 1) Other biomass Wind energy Geoth. energy WORLD: ELECTRICITY GENERATION Other Total renewablesbased electricity Renewable Energy Sources in Figures Share of renewablesbased electricity [TWh] [%] Asia 2) 249 9 0 14 19 0 291 15.9 Latin America 2) 673 30 0 1 3 0 707 66.2 Africa 95 1 0 1 1 0 98 15.8 EU-27 327 71 23 119 6 8 553 16.6 Australia 12 1 1 4 0 0 18 7.1 Canada 382 8 1 4 0 0 395 60.6 China 585 2 0 13 0 0 601 17.2 Japan 76 18 0 3 3 2 102 9.5 Mexico 39 1 0 0 7 0 47 18.3 Russia 165 0 0 0 0 0 165 15.9 USA 257 51 9 56 17 2 392 9.0 Non-OECD 1,895 42 0 31 24 0 1,992 21.0 OECD 1,312 151 35 188 41 13 1,741 16.3 World 3,208 194 35 219 65 13 3,733 18.5 1) Including biogenic fraction of municipal waste 2) Asia excluding China and Japan; Latin America excluding Mexico Source: IEA [104] 91
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Renewable Energy Sources in Figures
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ContEntS Foreword 5 pArt i: GErmAnY
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ForEWorD Dear Readers, The consiste
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WorKinG GroUp on rEnEWABLE EnErGiES
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Expansion of power grids In future
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Renewable energy share increases de
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Renewable energy shares of energy s
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Structure of renewables-based energ
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Development of electricity generati
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Shares of total renewables-based in
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Development of heat supply from ren
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Development of renewables-based fue
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In the case of electricity and heat
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Emission balance of renewables-base
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Emission balance for renewables-bas
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Emission balance for renewable-base
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The tables show details of the savi
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Trends in investments in renewable
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Initial and further training in the
Page 39 and 40: In retrospect, important assumption
Page 41 and 42: [tWh] electricity feed-in/eeg Struc
Page 43 and 44: ards of the Energy Saving Ordinance
Page 45 and 46: Assistance funding and resulting in
Page 47 and 48: Environmental damage from emission
Page 49 and 50: Some of the costs and benefits of r
Page 51 and 52: Promotion of research and developme
Page 53 and 54: potentIal capacItIes Long-term sust
Page 55 and 56: Structural challenges: Expansion of
Page 57 and 58: PART II: RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN THE
Page 59 and 60: The National Renewable Energy Actio
Page 61 and 62: Structure of total renewable energy
Page 63 and 64: Structure of final energy consumpti
Page 65 and 66: A competitive, sustainable and secu
Page 67 and 68: Development of the share of renewab
Page 69 and 70: Renewables-based electricity supply
Page 71 and 72: Wind energy use in the EU Installed
Page 73 and 74: At the end of 2010, total wind ener
Page 75 and 76: equivalent to an additional collect
Page 77 and 78: In 2009 Observ’ER [101] puts the
Page 79 and 80: Jobs in the renewable energies sect
Page 81 and 82: The examples of wind energy and pho
Page 83 and 84: Development of world population and
Page 85 and 86: Renewables-based energy production
Page 87 and 88: Renewables-based shares of energy d
Page 89: 2009 Rural areas Persons using trad
Page 93 and 94: Renewable Energy Policy Network for
Page 95 and 96: Clean Energy Ministerial - CEM - Th
Page 97 and 98: 1. Energy supply from photovoltaic
Page 99 and 100: The emission factors for fossil and
Page 101 and 102: 5. Calculating avoidance factors an
Page 103 and 104: The gross saving in fossil fuels is
Page 105 and 106: 8. Organisation for Economic Cooper
Page 107 and 108: Conversion factors Terawatt hour: 1
Page 109 and 110: List of Sources Communications from
Page 111 and 112: [38] Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- u
Page 113 and 114: [92] Umweltbundesamt (UBA): Zentral
Page 115 and 116: [135] Sensfuß, F.: Analysen zum Me
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