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annex: methodological notes
104 Renewable Energy Sources in Figures
The saving in fossil primary energy in the transport sector is due to replacement of diesel
fuel by biodiesel and vegetable oil, and of petrol by bioethanol. The size of the primary energy
saving due to biofuels is determined not only by the agricultural production and origin
of the biofuels, but also, in particular, by the allocation method used to split the energy consumption
among main products and by-products. The datasets allocated on the basis of the
energy value of the products are taken from the GEMIS database of the Öko-Institut (fossil
motor fuels) and from the IFEU short report [5] (biofuels).
7. Economic impetus resulting from the use of renewable energies
The rapid expansion of renewables seen in Germany in recent years has resulted in a massive
increase in the importance of the renewable energy sector for the economy as a whole. This
is due in particular – in the form of investments – to the construction of installations. And
as the number of installations increases, the operation of these installations is becoming a
growing economic factor. The economic thrust resulting from the operation of installations
includes not only expenditure on operation and maintenance of the installations, especially
in the form of personnel expenses and ancillary energy costs, but also the provision of renewable
heating fuels and biofuels.
The cost of operating and maintaining installations is determined on the basis of technology-specific
values. Cost calculations from various scientific studies are used for this purpose.
These include the research projects related to the Renewable Energy Sources Act (including
research report on the Renewable Energy Sources Act Progress Report 2007, interim reports
on the monitoring of electricity generation from biomass, analytical report on possible adaptation
of the EEG payment rate for photovoltaic installations), the evaluation of the market incentives
programme and the evaluations of KfW assistance in the field of renewable energy
sources. Detailed references to the sources used are provided in the main text.
In determining sales resulting from the supply of fuel, the costs of solid and liquid heating
fuels and of the substrates used to produce biogas are taken into account. The relevant solid
biomass fuels include in particular waste wood, residual wood from forestry and industry,
wood pellets, wood chips, wood briquettes, and commercially traded firewood. Liquid fuels
for stationary use include palm oil, rapeseed oil and other vegetable oils; the main component
of the relevant substrates for biogas production is maize silage and grass silage. Total
sales resulting from the supply of biogenic fuels are assessed at nearly 2.0 billion EUR.
In the fuel sector, sales are determined on the basis of wholesale and retail prices. Here it
is necessary to take account of the different types of fuel and distribution channels. For
example, sales of biodiesel as an admixture to petroleum diesel are based on an assumed
average net price of 73.53 ct/l, whereas the net figure for sales to commercial vehicles at
own filling stations is 90.79 ct/l.
The economic impetus factors described in the main text as arising from the operation of installations
are not comparable with the previous years’ figures, because they are determined
on the basis of a new system.