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WORLD: REgIONAL DIFFERENCES 88 Renewable Energy Sources in Figures Regional use of renewable energies in 2008 – Around the globe PEC Of which renewable RE as a share of PEC Principal RE as a share of total RE [%] [PJ] [PJ] [%] Hydropower Other 1) Biomass/ waste 2) Africa 27,441 13,549 49.4 2.5 0.4 97.1 Latin America 3) 23,870 7,352 30.8 33.0 1.7 65.3 Asia 3) 59,211 16,274 27.5 5.5 6.4 88.1 China 89,206 10,899 12.2 19.3 2.5 78.1 Trans. economies 47,936 1,696 3.5 60.4 1.5 38.1 Middle East 24,778 134 0.5 23.8 37.7 38.5 OECD 227,030 15,713 6.9 30.1 13.8 56.1 global 4) 513,490 65,617 12.8 17.6 5.7 76.7 Transition economies: countries which are undergoing a phase of transition from planned economy to market economy; the IEA uses this term to refer to the countries of non-OECD Europe and the countries of the former USSR. 1) geothermal energy, solar energy, wind, marine energy 2) Comprising only biogenic component of municipal waste 3) Latin America excluding Mexico, and Asia excluding China 4) Including fuel stocks for shipping and air traffic Primary energy consumption calculated by the physical energy content method Source: IEA [103] Source: IEA [103]
2009 Rural areas Persons using tradional biomass [mill.] Urban areas Total Rural areas Persons without access to electricity [mill.] Urban areas Africa 481 176 657 466 121 587 Sub-Saharan Africa 477 176 653 465 120 585 Developing Asia 1,694 243 1,937 716 82 799 China 377 47 423 8 0 8 India 765 90 855 380 23 404 Rest of Asia 553 106 659 328 59 387 Latin America 60 24 85 27 4 31 Developing countries 1) 2,235 444 2,679 1,229 210 1,438 World 2) 2,235 444 2,679 1,232 210 1,441 1) Including Middle East 2) Including OECD and transition economies Source: IEA [105] The proportion of energy forms generally described as renewable is particularly large in Africa. The main reason for this is the traditional use of biomass, though to a large extent this is not sustainable. Simple forms of cooking and heating result in harmful effects on health due to open fires, and in many cases they cause irreversible deforestation. In the developing countries – especially in rural areas – some 2.7 billion people are dependent entirely on traditional biomass for cooking and heating; this corresponds to about 40 % of the world’s population. In view of the pace of population growth, the IEA expects this figure to increase to around 2.8 billion by the year 2030 [105]. In some cases the use of hydropower from large dams is not a sustainable use of renewable energy either, since they sometimes have serious social and environmental impacts. WORLD: REgIONAL DIFFERENCES Total Renewable Energy Sources in Figures 89
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Renewable Energy Sources in Figures
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ContEntS Foreword 5 pArt i: GErmAnY
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ForEWorD Dear Readers, The consiste
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WorKinG GroUp on rEnEWABLE EnErGiES
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Expansion of power grids In future
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Renewable energy share increases de
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Renewable energy shares of energy s
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Structure of renewables-based energ
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Development of electricity generati
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Shares of total renewables-based in
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Development of heat supply from ren
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Development of renewables-based fue
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In the case of electricity and heat
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Emission balance of renewables-base
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Emission balance for renewables-bas
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Emission balance for renewable-base
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The tables show details of the savi
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Trends in investments in renewable
Page 37 and 38: Initial and further training in the
Page 39 and 40: In retrospect, important assumption
Page 41 and 42: [tWh] electricity feed-in/eeg Struc
Page 43 and 44: ards of the Energy Saving Ordinance
Page 45 and 46: Assistance funding and resulting in
Page 47 and 48: Environmental damage from emission
Page 49 and 50: Some of the costs and benefits of r
Page 51 and 52: Promotion of research and developme
Page 53 and 54: potentIal capacItIes Long-term sust
Page 55 and 56: Structural challenges: Expansion of
Page 57 and 58: PART II: RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN THE
Page 59 and 60: The National Renewable Energy Actio
Page 61 and 62: Structure of total renewable energy
Page 63 and 64: Structure of final energy consumpti
Page 65 and 66: A competitive, sustainable and secu
Page 67 and 68: Development of the share of renewab
Page 69 and 70: Renewables-based electricity supply
Page 71 and 72: Wind energy use in the EU Installed
Page 73 and 74: At the end of 2010, total wind ener
Page 75 and 76: equivalent to an additional collect
Page 77 and 78: In 2009 Observ’ER [101] puts the
Page 79 and 80: Jobs in the renewable energies sect
Page 81 and 82: The examples of wind energy and pho
Page 83 and 84: Development of world population and
Page 85 and 86: Renewables-based energy production
Page 87: Renewables-based shares of energy d
Page 91 and 92: In 2008, the renewables share of el
Page 93 and 94: Renewable Energy Policy Network for
Page 95 and 96: Clean Energy Ministerial - CEM - Th
Page 97 and 98: 1. Energy supply from photovoltaic
Page 99 and 100: The emission factors for fossil and
Page 101 and 102: 5. Calculating avoidance factors an
Page 103 and 104: The gross saving in fossil fuels is
Page 105 and 106: 8. Organisation for Economic Cooper
Page 107 and 108: Conversion factors Terawatt hour: 1
Page 109 and 110: List of Sources Communications from
Page 111 and 112: [38] Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- u
Page 113 and 114: [92] Umweltbundesamt (UBA): Zentral
Page 115 and 116: [135] Sensfuß, F.: Analysen zum Me
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