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TABLE 18. PRODUCT OF CONVERSION FACTORS g AND c FOR CALCULATING D G FOR STANDARDBREASTS FROM MEASUREMENTS WITH DIFFERENT THICKNESSES OF PMMA PHANTOMPMMA thickness(mm)Equivalentbreast thickness(mm)Fibroglandular proportionof equivalent breast(%)Product of g and c factorsHVL (mm Al)0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.6020 21 97 0.336 0.377 0.415 0.450 0.482 0.513 0.53930 32 67 0.245 0.277 0.308 0.338 0.368 0.399 0.42740 45 41 0.191 0.217 0.241 0.268 0.296 0.322 0.35145 53 29 0.172 0.196 0.218 0.242 0.269 0.297 0.32150 60 20 0.157 0.179 0.198 0.221 0.245 0.269 0.29660 75 9 0.133 0.151 0.168 0.187 0.203 0.230 0.25370 90 4 0.112 0.127 0.142 0.157 0.173 0.194 0.21580 103 3 0.097 0.110 0.124 0.136 0.150 0.169 0.188TABLE 19. s FACTORS FOR SELECTED TARGET–FILTER COMBINATIONSTarget–filter combination Filter thickness (μm) s factorMo/Mo 30 1.000Mo/Rh 25 1.017Rh/Rh 25 1.061W/Rh 50–60 1.042W/Ag 50–75 1.042TABLE 20. s FACTORS FOR TUNGSTEN TARGET FILTERED BY 0.5 mm OF ALUMINIUM [67]PMMA thickness (mm) Equivalent breast thickness (mm) s factor20 21 1.07530 32 1.10440 45 1.13445 53 1.14950 60 1.16060 75 1.18170 90 1.19880 103 1.208114
TABLE 21. ACCEPTABLE AND ACHIEVABLE LIMITS FOR MEAN GLANDULAR DOSE (D G )Thickness of PMMA(mm)Thickness of equivalent breast(mm)Acceptable level for D Gto equivalent breast(mGy)Achievable level for D Gto equivalent breast(mGy)20 21 1.0 0.630 32 1.5 1.040 45 2.0 1.645 53 2.5 2.050 60 3.0 2.460 75 4.5 3.670 90 6.5 5.1115
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X raysdel matrixCs scintillatorLine
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QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAMMEFOR DIGI
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IAEA HUMAN HEALTH SERIES No. 17QUAL
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FOREWORDThe application of radiatio
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An effective QA programme is necess
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The Integrating the Healthcare Ente
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technology. Systems containing othe
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X raysTop electrodea-Se layerCharge
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dose received by inhomogeneous real
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2.3.8.1. Soft copy displayFlat pane
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3. ELEMENTS OF HIGH QUALITY MAMMOGR
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— The ability to mask edges of ma
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Disposal orsaleNew facility(start h
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4.2.3. Radiographer (mammography te
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5.2.2. Electronic versus geometric
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To allow full utilization of the di
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5.7. ARTEFACTSWhile the incidence o
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FIG. 10. Detector crystallization.
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FIG. 13. A more subtle example of a
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FIG. 16. An example of poor collima
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7. RADIOGRAPHER’S QUALITY CONTROL
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7.1. DAILY TESTS7.1.1. Monitor insp
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7.1.3. Daily flat field phantom ima
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7.1.4. Visual inspection for artefa
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7.1.5. Laser printer sensitometry7.
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7.1.6. Image plate erasure (CR syst
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FIG. 19. Modified TG18-QC pattern w
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FIG. 21. Radiologist workstation wi
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7.2.1.6. Time frame for corrective
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7.2.3. Weekly quality control test
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Note: It is not necessary to view t
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TABLE 7. TOLERANCES FOR IMAGING WEE
Page 75 and 76: 7.2.4.4. Interpretation of results
Page 77 and 78: 7.3.1.5. Recommendations and correc
Page 79 and 80: artefacts are typically best seen w
Page 81 and 82: 7.3.3.5. Recommendations and correc
Page 83 and 84: 7.4.1.3. Methodology(1) Annotate th
Page 85 and 86: RECORD OF DIGITAL MAMMOGRAPHY REPEA
Page 87 and 88: (3) Including examinations of at le
Page 89 and 90: 7.5. SEMI-ANNUAL TESTS7.5.1. Comput
Page 91 and 92: 8. MEDICAL PHYSICIST’S QUALITY CO
Page 93 and 94: 8.1. NOTE ON IMAGE NAMING CONVENTIO
Page 95 and 96: (16) On any randomly selected patie
Page 97 and 98: FIG. 30. Positioning of bathroom sc
Page 99 and 100: (6) The target, filter, kV, grid, d
Page 101 and 102: (2) Stack the 20 and 25 mm PMMA sla
Page 103 and 104: TABLE 13. ACCEPTABLE AND ACHIEVABLE
Page 105 and 106: 8.5. DETECTOR PERFORMANCE8.5.1. Bas
Page 107 and 108: 8.5.2. Detector response and noise8
Page 109 and 110: the service engineer responsible fo
Page 111 and 112: (13) Using the annotation tool on t
Page 113 and 114: Breast supportPMMA slabBreast suppo
Page 115 and 116: (10) Place the thinner test object
Page 117 and 118: 8.6. EVALUATION OF SYSTEM RESOLUTIO
Page 119 and 120: TABLE 17. ACCEPTABLE FREQUENCIES AT
Page 121 and 122: 8.7. X RAY EQUIPMENT CHARACTERISTIC
Page 123 and 124: 8.7.2. Incident air kerma at the en
Page 125: 8.8. DOSIMETRY8.8.1. Mean glandular
Page 129 and 130: FIG. 34. Suggested layout for ruler
Page 131 and 132: 8.10. IMAGE DISPLAY QUALITYThe accu
Page 133 and 134: FIG. 35. Modified TG18-QC test patt
Page 135 and 136: 8.10.1.5. Interpretation of results
Page 137 and 138: 8.10.2. Monitor luminance response
Page 139 and 140: TABLE 22. MONITOR PERFORMANCE TOLER
Page 141 and 142: FIG. 38. Measurement of illuminatio
Page 143 and 144: 8.11. LASER PRINTER8.11.1. Laser pr
Page 145 and 146: 8.11.1.5. Recommendations and corre
Page 147: 8.12.1.4. Interpretation of results
Page 150 and 151: iopsies are performed, a sink is of
Page 152 and 153: Appendix IISPECIFICATIONS OF TEST E
Page 154 and 155: TABLE 24. SPECIFICATIONS OF TEST EQ
Page 156 and 157: FIG. 40. Image acquired with a unif
Page 158 and 159: FIG. 43. The left hand image is par
Page 160 and 161: FIG. 45. A TG18-QC test pattern dis
Page 162 and 163: [29] ALSAGER, A., YOUNG, K.C., ODUK
Page 165 and 166: Annex IRADIOGRAPHER DATA COLLECTION
Page 167 and 168: Chart 2 — DIGITAL MAMMOGRAPHY (DM
Page 169 and 170: Chart 4 LASER PRINTER SENSITOMETRY
Page 171 and 172: Chart 6 — WEEKLY DISPLAY MONITOR
Page 173 and 174: Chart 7(b) WEEKLY QC TEST OBJECT:
Page 175 and 176: Chart 9 — SAFETY AND FUNCTION CHE
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Chart 11 — LASER PRINTER ARTEFACT
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Chart 13(a) — RECORD OF DIGITAL M
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Chart 14 — CR PLATE SENSITIVITY M
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Annex IIITHE MAMMOGRAPHY EXTRACTThe
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GLOSSARYair kerma. The energy depos
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image quality. The overall merit of
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CONTRIBUTORS TO DRAFTING AND REVIEW
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