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TABLE 10. MEDICAL PHYSICIST’S QUALITY CONTROL TESTS (cont.)Test Priority a Suggested frequency TolerancesEvaluation of system resolutionModulation transfer function E Annually and after detector change, etc. See Section 8.6.1.4Limiting spatial resolution E Annually and after detector change, etc. See Section 8.6.2.4X ray equipment characteristicsHalf value layer E Annually and after X ray tube change See Section 8.7.1.5Incident air kerma at the entrancesurface of PMMA slabsE Annually and after X ray tube change Not applicableDosimetryMean glandular dose (D G ) E Annually See Section 8.8.1.4Collimation systemRadiation field/image receptorcoincidenceEAnnually and after X ray tubeservice/replacementSee Section 8.9.1.4Compression paddle/breast supportalignmentEAnnually and after X ray tubeservice/replacementAcceptable: Paddle not visiblein image and edge of paddle≤5 mm beyond chest wall edgeMissing tissue at chest wall E Annually and after X ray tubeservice/replacementAchievable: ≤5 mmAcceptable: ≤7 mmImage display qualityArtefacts and uniformity (soft copy)EDAnnuallySemi-annuallySee Section 8.10.1.5Monitor luminance response andviewing conditionsViewbox luminance and viewingconditionsE Annually and after monitor service See Section 8.10.2.5, Table 22E Annually See Section 8.10.3.5Laser printer (where applicable)Artefacts and uniformityEDAnnuallySemi-annuallySee Section 8.11.1.4Film densities E Annually See Section 8.11.1.4Image qualityPhantom image quality E Annually See Section 8.12.1.4aE — essential, basic requirement; D — desirable.80
8.1. NOTE ON IMAGE NAMING CONVENTIONWhen producing images for QC purposes, it is important that the images can be easily identified andretrieved. In most cases, it is necessary to perform test measurements on images that are in the DICOM ‘forprocessing’ format. It will often be necessary to obtain these images by exporting them from the acquisition unit,since the majority of systems are configured to send the processed (‘for presentation’) images to the PACS. Imageson some acquisition workstations are identified only by their DICOM name, which makes it difficult or impossibleto recognize to which test they correspond. To avoid such difficulties, it is sometimes useful to store each testindividually as a different ‘patient’. Some tests require multiple images to be produced. It is therefore important thatwithin each ‘patient’ test, individual images are also identified (this can be done using radiographic numbers or byrecording the real time of the acquisition image). In other systems the images are stored sequentially, despite thefact that the test has been named, so care has to be taken to avoid analysis of the wrong image. Not all systems storeimages in the DICOM format at the acquisition workstation. To open such images in order to analyse them withother software, the user must know the exact matrix size for each system (see Table 2). Manufacturers areencouraged to provide a method for exporting ‘for processing’ images in the DICOM format [23].Where systems permit sending the unprocessed images directly to the PACS, the images should be identifiedby the PACS as ‘non-patient’ studies. This can be accomplished by adopting a distinctive and meaningful namingconvention. Normally it is most convenient to conduct testing in the same manner as patient imaging would bedone; therefore, it may be helpful to identify QC images in a manner analogous to that used for patients, where afamily name, given name and other ID information must be provided. An optional naming convention that may beconvenient uses ‘Physics’ as the family name, the name of the test as the given name and a unique ‘patient IDnumber’ that contains the date on which the tests were performed; for example, for the AEC thickness trackingtest — last name ‘Physics’, first name ‘Thickness’ and patient ID number ‘9903YYMMDD’. As an alternative, theimages can all be collected as one patient study and analysed in the sequence collected. In this case, the first namecould be ‘Test’.81
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X raysdel matrixCs scintillatorLine
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QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAMMEFOR DIGI
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IAEA HUMAN HEALTH SERIES No. 17QUAL
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FOREWORDThe application of radiatio
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An effective QA programme is necess
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The Integrating the Healthcare Ente
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technology. Systems containing othe
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X raysTop electrodea-Se layerCharge
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dose received by inhomogeneous real
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2.3.8.1. Soft copy displayFlat pane
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3. ELEMENTS OF HIGH QUALITY MAMMOGR
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— The ability to mask edges of ma
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Disposal orsaleNew facility(start h
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4.2.3. Radiographer (mammography te
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5.2.2. Electronic versus geometric
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To allow full utilization of the di
Page 42 and 43: 5.7. ARTEFACTSWhile the incidence o
Page 44 and 45: FIG. 10. Detector crystallization.
Page 46 and 47: FIG. 13. A more subtle example of a
Page 48 and 49: FIG. 16. An example of poor collima
Page 51 and 52: 7. RADIOGRAPHER’S QUALITY CONTROL
Page 53 and 54: 7.1. DAILY TESTS7.1.1. Monitor insp
Page 55 and 56: 7.1.3. Daily flat field phantom ima
Page 57 and 58: 7.1.4. Visual inspection for artefa
Page 59 and 60: 7.1.5. Laser printer sensitometry7.
Page 61 and 62: 7.1.6. Image plate erasure (CR syst
Page 63 and 64: FIG. 19. Modified TG18-QC pattern w
Page 65 and 66: FIG. 21. Radiologist workstation wi
Page 67 and 68: 7.2.1.6. Time frame for corrective
Page 69 and 70: 7.2.3. Weekly quality control test
Page 71 and 72: Note: It is not necessary to view t
Page 73 and 74: TABLE 7. TOLERANCES FOR IMAGING WEE
Page 75 and 76: 7.2.4.4. Interpretation of results
Page 77 and 78: 7.3.1.5. Recommendations and correc
Page 79 and 80: artefacts are typically best seen w
Page 81 and 82: 7.3.3.5. Recommendations and correc
Page 83 and 84: 7.4.1.3. Methodology(1) Annotate th
Page 85 and 86: RECORD OF DIGITAL MAMMOGRAPHY REPEA
Page 87 and 88: (3) Including examinations of at le
Page 89 and 90: 7.5. SEMI-ANNUAL TESTS7.5.1. Comput
Page 91: 8. MEDICAL PHYSICIST’S QUALITY CO
Page 95 and 96: (16) On any randomly selected patie
Page 97 and 98: FIG. 30. Positioning of bathroom sc
Page 99 and 100: (6) The target, filter, kV, grid, d
Page 101 and 102: (2) Stack the 20 and 25 mm PMMA sla
Page 103 and 104: TABLE 13. ACCEPTABLE AND ACHIEVABLE
Page 105 and 106: 8.5. DETECTOR PERFORMANCE8.5.1. Bas
Page 107 and 108: 8.5.2. Detector response and noise8
Page 109 and 110: the service engineer responsible fo
Page 111 and 112: (13) Using the annotation tool on t
Page 113 and 114: Breast supportPMMA slabBreast suppo
Page 115 and 116: (10) Place the thinner test object
Page 117 and 118: 8.6. EVALUATION OF SYSTEM RESOLUTIO
Page 119 and 120: TABLE 17. ACCEPTABLE FREQUENCIES AT
Page 121 and 122: 8.7. X RAY EQUIPMENT CHARACTERISTIC
Page 123 and 124: 8.7.2. Incident air kerma at the en
Page 125 and 126: 8.8. DOSIMETRY8.8.1. Mean glandular
Page 127 and 128: TABLE 21. ACCEPTABLE AND ACHIEVABLE
Page 129 and 130: FIG. 34. Suggested layout for ruler
Page 131 and 132: 8.10. IMAGE DISPLAY QUALITYThe accu
Page 133 and 134: FIG. 35. Modified TG18-QC test patt
Page 135 and 136: 8.10.1.5. Interpretation of results
Page 137 and 138: 8.10.2. Monitor luminance response
Page 139 and 140: TABLE 22. MONITOR PERFORMANCE TOLER
Page 141 and 142: FIG. 38. Measurement of illuminatio
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8.11. LASER PRINTER8.11.1. Laser pr
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8.11.1.5. Recommendations and corre
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8.12.1.4. Interpretation of results
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iopsies are performed, a sink is of
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Appendix IISPECIFICATIONS OF TEST E
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TABLE 24. SPECIFICATIONS OF TEST EQ
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FIG. 40. Image acquired with a unif
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FIG. 43. The left hand image is par
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FIG. 45. A TG18-QC test pattern dis
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[29] ALSAGER, A., YOUNG, K.C., ODUK
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Annex IRADIOGRAPHER DATA COLLECTION
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Chart 2 — DIGITAL MAMMOGRAPHY (DM
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Chart 4 LASER PRINTER SENSITOMETRY
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Chart 6 — WEEKLY DISPLAY MONITOR
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Chart 7(b) WEEKLY QC TEST OBJECT:
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Chart 9 — SAFETY AND FUNCTION CHE
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Chart 11 — LASER PRINTER ARTEFACT
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Chart 13(a) — RECORD OF DIGITAL M
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Chart 14 — CR PLATE SENSITIVITY M
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Annex IIITHE MAMMOGRAPHY EXTRACTThe
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GLOSSARYair kerma. The energy depos
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image quality. The overall merit of
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CONTRIBUTORS TO DRAFTING AND REVIEW
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