The universal geography : earth and its inhabitants

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292 RUSSIA IN EUROPE.In the ninth century the people of the Lower Dnieper and Dniester wereUluehi (TJglichi) and Tivertzi Slavs ; but they were driven north by theHungarians, Pecheneghes, and Rumanians advancing westwards ; and in thetwelfth century the Eos, possibly the "River of the Russians," formed the frontierbetween the Kiev Russians and the southern nomads. Several Turki colonies, theTorki, Berendcyi, Kara-Kalpaks, or "Black-Caps," had settled south of this river,Fig. 147.—KuRGAXS AT PoDGORODSKOYE, NEAR YEKATERINOSLAV.Scale 1 ; 200.0JO.E.off.ObukhovsluyeCol.Josephsthal 1rf tMan uVTovkafy^^^^i^Hf^ ^ Suburb^,:•
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pp-i'"**•••%.
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LIBRARYOF THEr ry of Illinois.
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CITYUOAD.
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ivCONTEXTS.PAOBChap. II. Finland 20
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.ILLUSTRATIONS
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MonasteryLIST OF ILLUSTRATION'S.PAG
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2 THE NORTH-EAST ATLANTIC.islands,
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4 TIIE NOKTH-EAST ATLANTIC.The velo
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6THE NOETH-EAST ATLANTIC.boat manne
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8 THE NORTH-EAST ATLANTIC.the norma
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110 THE NORTH-EAST ATLANTIC.pole to
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12 THE NORTH-EAST ATLANTIC.Mohn has
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14 THE NORTH-EAST ATLANTIC.opposing
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1GTHE NOETH-EAST ATLANTIC.constant
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18 THE NOETH-EAST ATLANTIC.THE BALT
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•.'It1,10,I•aTHE NOBTH-EAST ATL
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22 THE NORTH-EAST ATLANTIC.water-li
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ISLANDS OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC.I.—
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2GISLANDS OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC.The
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28 ISLANDS OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC.pe
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80 ISLANDS OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC.re
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32 ISLANDS OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC.ov
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34 ISLANDS OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC.no
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36 ISLANDS OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC.ar
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33 ISLANDS OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC.Th
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10 ISLANDS OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC.en
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42 ISLANDS OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC.fo
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44 ISLANDS OF THE XOETH ATLANTIC.Mi
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Sudur-Umdaemid46 ISLANDS OF THE NOR
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SCANDINAVIA.CHAPTER I.jEEPER though
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THE TIiNINSULA OP JYLLAND. 49Katteg
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THE PENINSULA OF JYLLAND. 51the mud
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THE DANISH ISLANDS. 53a number of l
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THE DANISH ISLANDS. 55— consist o
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INHABITANTS—PREHISTORIC REMAINS.
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INHABITANTS—PREHISTORIC REMAINS.
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TOPOGRAPHY. 61Topography.All the im
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•COPENHAGEN .THESOUfS t- i i- 6 B
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COPENHAGEN.G3sea, and the land rout
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COPENHAGEN. 65and a model of its ki
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SOCIAL CONDITIONS—OCCUPATIONS. 67
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SOCIAL CONDITIONS—OCCUPATIONS.G9e
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ADMINISTRATION—COLONIES. 71Assemb
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CHAPTER II.THE SCANDINAVIAN PENINSU
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nrsiCAL features of noeytay. 75with
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,RARY
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78 SCANDIXAYTA.o-laciers -were cons
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80 M'AXDINAVIA.opening like crevice
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B2SCANDINAVIA.other equally dangero
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JJ50GEDALSF0SSEN, IN THE DISTRICT O
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M SI AXDIXAYIA.insular masses. The
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THE SCANDINAVIAN FIOEDS. £5tills s
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GLACIAL ACTION"—THE ASAR. 87Glaci
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GLACIAL ACTION—THE ASAE, 89in 184
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GLACIAL ACTION—THE ASAR. 01The be
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UPHEAVAL OF THE LAND. 93rather than
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LAKES. 96tops and headlands are now
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LAKES. 97to the Baltic, and no more
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EIYEKS. 99streams as the llhone or
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EIVEKS. 101amount of their rainfall
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CLIMATE. 103by engineers at 225,000
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CLIMATE. 105Cape ; in summer and wi
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CLIMATE. 107Even in the coldest win
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FLORA. 109of new species. The perfu
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FAUNA.Illwant of cheap fuel. In the
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EARLIEST INHABITANTS. 113later or p
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THE SWEDES AND NORWEGIANS. 115the p
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THE SWEDES AND NORWEGIANS. 117were
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TYPES AXD COSTUMES IN LAPLAND.
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120 SCANDINAVIA.dependent for his s
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122 SCANDINAVIA.churches, all with
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121 SCAHDINAYIA.the houses are main
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126 SCANDINAVIA.the point where the
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128 SCANDINAVIA.Saugesund guards th
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130 SCANDINAVIA.Spitzbergen and the
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132 SCANDINAVIA.Canal, whose sluice
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13-1 SCANDINAVIA.between the three
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13sSCANDINAVIA.Stockholm, capital o
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-ID>J)AV.ENVIRONS.*"-,;"3j~Zi^^n^"^
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138 SCANDINAVIA.and shipping are al
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140 SCANDINAVIA.temple where human
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112 SCANDINAVIA.mining district. Bu
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114 SCANDINAVIA.eruigratiori, which
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146 SCANDINAVIA.also yearly adds ma
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1-18 SCANDINAVIA.by regular parcell
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150 SCANDINAVIA.rodskjaer, each of
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152 SCANDINAVIA.which that of Ammeb
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15JSCANDINAVIA.between Christiania
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156 SCANDINAVIA.The Swedish system,
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View158 SCANDINAVIA.the exact relat
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1G0SCANDINAVIA.to pass a part of th
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162 SCANDINAVIA.and bailiffs {foged
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164 SCANDINAVIA.The Swedish Church
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106 SCANDINAVIA.The militia of the
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THE EUROPEAN ISLANDS OF THE ARCTIC
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170 THE EUROPEAN ISLANDS OF THE AEC
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SPITZBEEGEN. 171Jurassic, and even
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SPITZBERGEN. 173vicissitudes in the
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SPITZBERGEN. 175changes of temperat
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SPITZBEKOEN. 177captured ; but Nord
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WICHE'S LAND. 179to certain unauthe
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the expedition.But from this point
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RUSSIA IN EUROPE.CHAPTER I.GENERAL
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GEOLOGICAL FEATURES. 185that have b
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LAKES AND RIVERS. 187St. Petersburg
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CLIMATE. 189Climate.— Vegetation.
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* Mean temperature in degrees Fahre
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INHABITANTS. 193groups, Uralo-Fiuni
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OEIGIXES OF RUSSIA. 195fifths of th
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THE VARANGIANS. 197the Novgorod Sla
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NOVGOROD IN HEB GLORY. 199the north
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POLISH ASCENDANCY.2C1historic highw
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GROWTH OF RUSSIA. 203herself be one
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SEABOARD AND BOUNDARIES.where could
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CHAPTER II.ALTHOUGH forming part of
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GLACIALFINLAND :ACTION. 209elevatio
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FINLAND: LAKES. 211It looks as if a
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FINLAND: LAKES. 213it has retained
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FINLAND: CLIMATE. 215Climate.— Ve
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FINLAND: INHABITANTS. 217with the R
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FINLAND: TOrOGEAPHY. 219Forsby, on
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FINLAND : NATURALRESOURCES. 221of S
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FINLAND: POTOLATION. 223Industry is
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FINLAND : GOVERNMENT.225one iu twen
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CHAPTER III.THE BALTIC PROVINCES.(E
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TEE BALTIC PROVINCE*. 229drainage i
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TIIE BALTIC PROVINCES. 231and geolo
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THE BALTIC PROVINCES. 233composed t
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THE BALTIC PK0YENCE8. 235vessels, a
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THE BALTIC ITiOVlXCES. 237capital o
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THE LALTIC rKOVIXCE*. 239approaches
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CHAPTER IV.poland (polska).Historic
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POLAND. 243successors soon lost mos
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POLAND. 245in appearance. It was ev
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'•',|',.jl"n -''
Page 310 and 311: 248 RUSSIA JN EEBOrE.Like all civil
Page 312: 230 RUSSIA IX EUROPE.some of the la
Page 316 and 317: 25 2 KtTSSIA IN EUEOPE.In the "Wart
Page 318: 254 RUSSIA IN EUEOPE.Few cities of
Page 322 and 323: CHAPTER V.UPPER DVINA AND NIEMEN BA
Page 324 and 325: 258 RUSSIA IN EUROPE.The Niemen, wh
Page 326 and 327: 260 RUSSIA IX EUROPE.and representi
Page 328 and 329: 262 RUSSIA IN EUROPE.breathing a de
Page 330 and 331: 2G4 RUSSIA IX BUEOPE.labourers rece
Page 332 and 333: 266 RUSSIA IN EUROPE.Jesuits was on
Page 334 and 335: CHAPTER VI.DNIEPER AND DNIESTER BAS
Page 336 and 337: '.;.270 RUSSIA IN EUEOPE.on the sur
Page 338 and 339: 272I1; -ssl A IN EUROPE.Water Syste
Page 340 and 341: 271 RUSSIA IX EUROPE.Nearly all its
Page 342: 27GRUSSIA IN EUEOPE.nowhere an abso
Page 346 and 347: 27KPITSSIA IN EUROPE.side of the li
Page 348 and 349: 280 RUSSIA IX EUROPE.Iii the coast
Page 350 and 351: 2S2RUSSIA IN EUROPE.and beyond it t
Page 352 and 353: 284 . RUSSIAIX EUROPE.Russians may
Page 354 and 355: 28GRUSSIA IN EUKOPE.Topography.The
Page 356 and 357: 288 RUSSIA IX EUROPE.Lug, a tributa
Page 358 and 359: ,;290 RUSSIA IX ETTBOEE.names corre
Page 363 and 364: THE LITTLE RUSSIANS AND COSSACKS. 2
Page 367 and 368: TIIE COSSACKS. 295suppressed the Li
Page 369 and 370: FOREIGN COLONIES IN UKEANIA. 297ord
Page 371 and 372: FOREIGN COLONIES IN UKRANIA. 299and
Page 373 and 374: jitomir: 301the value of about £6,
Page 375 and 376: ETEV. 803Severanes, and contains a
Page 379 and 380: KIEV. 305which stands the church of
Page 381 and 382: FEREYASLAY. 307the plough of some s
Page 383 and 384: KBEMEXCHUG-FOLTAYA. 309wretches, wh
Page 385 and 386: BEBISLAY-KHEBSON. 3119itch, or stat
Page 387 and 388: "NIKOLAYEV—ODESSA. 313situation o
Page 391 and 392: ODESSA. 315on the other towards the
Page 395 and 396: KISHENOY— BENDER. 317the empire,
Page 397 and 398: CHAPTER VII.REGION OF THE GREAT LAK
Page 399 and 400: THE REGION OF LAKES. 821the so-call
Page 401 and 402: THE REGION OF LAKES. 323outflow. Fr
Page 403 and 404: THE REGION OF LAKES. :;2.-730 west
Page 405 and 406: THE EEGION OF LAKES. 827of Finland,
Page 407 and 408: THE REGION OF LAKES: INHABITANTS. 3
Page 409 and 410: TOROPETZ-SOLTZI. 331still do a year
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NOVGOROD. 333not all equal before t
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"-:-AND ENVIRONS~Kuiriii , ; I, S!
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iSS1A'830IX EUROPE.not one is so ha
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.*„;.L L Lill.Hlll iJ.JBlL .
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338 RUSSIA IN EUROPE.epidemics at t
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340 RUSSIA IN EUBOl'E.the sea, and
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342 RUSSIA IX EUROPE.continued east
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844 RUSSIA IX EUROPE.the peat beds,
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346 RUSSIA IX EUROPE.found both in
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348 RUSSIA IN EUROPE.when the ice f
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350 RUSSIA IX EUROPE.that however d
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352 RUSSIA IN EUROPE.neighbouring g
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8.14 EUSSIA IN EUEOPE.The Pomori, o
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356 RUSSIA IN EUROPE.Vologda, on th
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358 RUSSIA Ds EUROPE.unimportant pl
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300 RUSSIA IK EUROPE.Although frequ
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3G2RUSSIA IN EUROPE.or rusty hues o
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364 RUSSIA IX EUROPE.The Volga and
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3GGRUSSIA IN EUEOrE.equal volume, a
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Two hundred years ago the navigable
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370 RUSSIA E\ T EUKOPE.south, and r
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372 RUSSIA IX EUROPE.The actual lev
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871 RUSSIA IX EUROPE.Yelton, the Al
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876 RUSSIA IN EUROPE.is reached fro
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378 RUSSIA IX EUROPE.more than 4,00
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880 RUSSIA IN EUEOPE.imperial race,
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3S2RUSSIA IN EUROPE.communes and va
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S8-4 RUSSIA IN EUROPE.The Great Rus
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386 RUSSIA IN EUROPE.stamped papers
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388 RUSSIA IN EUROPE.beginning to r
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390 RUSSIA IN EUROPE.amount annuall
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TYl'ES AND COSTUilES IN TULA.
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302 RUSSIA IN EUROPEthe advantage o
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304 EUSSIA IN EUEOPE.nearly 10 mile
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396 EUSSIA IN EUROPE.the control of
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898 RUSSIA IN EUROrE.near the point
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400 RUSSIA IN EUROPE.kingdom, on th
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402 RUSSIA IN EUROPE.of a temporary
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404 RUSSIA IX EUBOPE.upon he takes
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406 RUSSIA IN EUEOPE.munities in th
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408 EUSSIA IN EUEOPE.much the same
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410 RUSSIA IN EUROPE.on the right b
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-412 RUSSIA IN EUROPE.In the snowy
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414 RUSSIA IN EUROPE.Lower Volga Ba
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41GEUSSIA IN EUROPE.land, burning t
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418 RUSSIA IN EUROPE.present it is
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420 RUSSIA IN EUROPE.Astrakhan, cap
Page 524 and 525:
CHAPTER X.BASIN OF THE DON.-SEA OF
Page 526 and 527:
424 RUSSIA IN EUBOPE.connecting the
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-12(5RUSSIA IN EUROPE.which at the
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428 RUSSIA IN EUEOPE.water is salt,
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430 RUSSIA IN EUROPE.from the Sivac
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432 RUSSIA IX EUROPE.Muscovite colo
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434 RUSSIA IN EUROPE.the scattered
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43GKUSSIA IN EUEOrE.attracting larg
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II438 RUSSIA IN EUROPE.the Governme
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4 40 EUSSIA IN EUROPE.A far better
Page 545:
S E V A STO PO LA
Page 548 and 549:
442 RUSSIA IN EUROPE.Geological For
Page 550 and 551:
444 RUSSIA IN EUROPE.thus thrown up
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446 RUSSIA IX EUROPE.Inhabitants.Li
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448 RUSSIA IN EUROPE.their honesty,
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450 RUSSIA IN EUROPE.1864. But sinc
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CHAPTER XII.MATERIAL AND SOCIAL CON
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454 RUSSIA IN EUROPE.The Russians g
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456 RUSSIA IN EUROPE.Most of the to
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WhiteLakes458 KUSSIA IN EUEOPE.Indu
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400 RUSSIA IN EUROPE.seed, the tota
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4G2RUSSIA IN ETJEOPE.At the same ti
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4C1RUSSIA IX EUROPE.becomes a villa
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4GGRUSSIA IN EUROPE.the tallow indu
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466 RUSSIA IN EUKOrE.2,000 Ions, th
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470 EUSSIA IN EUEOrE.it is surpasse
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472 BUSSIA IN EUROPE.science is als
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171 RUSSIA IN EUROPE.the charitable
Page 590 and 591:
470 KTTSSIA IN EUROPE.the uprava, o
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478 RUSSIA IN EUROPE.war. Before 18
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480 RUSSIA IN EUROPE.to £2,000,000
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482 APPEXDIX.n.—COMMEECE.Mercanti
Page 598 and 599:
484 A1TEXDIX.THE EUSSIAN EMPIEE.I.
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48GAPPENDIX.Religions in the Russia
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48SAPPENDIX.THE FT SSI AN NAVY.Balt
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490 INDEX.Brunkebergs 5s, 91Brzcnzi
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1Kranholm492 INDEX.Kara-Kalpaks, 29
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494 INDEX.Pinsk, 287Marsh, 271Poitr
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496 INDEX.Vardo, 129Varduhus, 168Va
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1%'~Mm>wmm ®Mmm^m^mSm^t:
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