The universal geography : earth and its inhabitants

VOEONEJ—KHARKOV. 435as Kozlor and Lipetsk, the latter much frequented for its iron mineral waters.Voruiicj, capital of the government, is conveniently situated on the river of likename near its junction with the Don.Here Peter the Great raised a fortress, andestablished an arsenal with dockyards, in which was built a fleet of fifty-five vesselswith 2,500 guns, and manned by 4,000 hands. But the dockyard was soonremoved to the Don below the confluence. Voronej is one of the most frequentedplaces of pilgrimage in Russia, and is noted for its great literary activity.Ostrogoshsk and Alexeyevha are the principal towns in the valley of theTikhaya Sosna, a western affluent of the Don. The latter has oil-mills, and is theseat of a native school of painters. Pavlovsk, on the Don, is an old CossackFig. 230.The Donetz Valley near Slavansk.Scale 1 : 450,000.3K5?Wsui,/^?*o^E. of G 37M0"-colony, at the mouth of the Osereda, up which lies the manufacturing town ofButurlinovka, or Petrorskaie, whose inhabitants purchased their freedom fromserfdom by paying 2,114,000 roubles to their bankrupt " proprietor." Farthereast, in the valley of the Khopor, are Serdobsk, Borisoglebxk, and Novo-Khoporsk, thelatter famous on account of its fairs.Kharkov, the largest town in this region, lies in the Donetz valley, and,besides being the capital of a government, acquires considerable importance from'its position as the natural intermediary between the Don and Dnieper basinsbetween Odessa and Taganrog. Here is the converging paint of the chief traderoutes, although they have now been partly replaced by railways. The Kharkovfairs, especially those of January, are amongst the best attended in Russia,