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[117] {stateras}: i.e. the {stater Dareikos} "Daric," worth about £1;cp. note on vii. 28.[118] {ekaton mneon}, "a hundred minae," of which sixty go to thetalent.[119] This passage, from "for this event happened" to the end of thechapter, is suspected as an interpolation by some Editors, oninternal grounds.[120] Tarentum. Italy means for Herodotus the southern part of thepeninsula only.[121] {restones}: so one inferior MS., probably by conjecturalemendation: the rest have {krestones}. The Ionic form however of{rastone} would be {reistone}. Some would read {khrestones}, aword which is not found, but might mean the same as {kresmosunes}(ix. 33), "in consequence of the /request/ of Demokedes."[122] {kat' emporien strateuomenoi}: some MSS. read {kat' emporien, oide strateuomenoi}, "some for trade, others serving in the army."[123] {prothura}.[124] {e tis e oudeis}.[125] {isonomien}: see ch. 80, note.[126] {all' oud' axios eis su ge}. Maiandrios can claim no credit orreward for giving up that of which by his own unworthiness hewould in any case have been deprived.[127] {ou de ti}: some read {oud' eti} or {ou de eti}, "no longer keptthe purpose."[128] {en gorgure}: the word also means a "sewer" or "conduit."[129] {prosempikraneesthai emellon toisi Samioisi}.[130] {tous diphrophoreumenous}: a doubtful word: it seems to be asort of title belonging to Persians of a certain rank, perhapsthose who were accompanied by men to carry seats for them, thesame as the {thronoi} mentioned in ch. 144; or, "those who wereborne in litters."
[131] {sageneusantes}: see vi. 31. The word is thought by Stein tohave been interpolated here.[132] Or, "are very highly accounted and tend to advancement."[133] "opposite to."[134] The words "and to the Persians" are omitted in some MSS.BOOK IVTHE FOURTH BOOK OF THE HISTORIES, CALLED MELPOMENE1. After Babylon had been taken, the march of Dareios himself[1]against the Scythians took place: for now that Asia was flourishing inrespect of population, and large sums were being gathered in asrevenue, Dareios formed the desire to take vengeance upon theScythians, because they had first invaded the Median land and hadovercome in fight those who opposed them; and thus they had been thebeginners of wrong. The Scythians in truth, as I have before said,[2]had ruled over Upper Asia[3] for eight-and-twenty years; for they hadinvaded Asia in their pursuit of the Kimmerians, and they haddeposed[4] the Medes from their rule, who had rule over Asia beforethe Scythians came. Now when the Scythians had been absent from theirown land for eight-and-twenty years, as they were returning to itafter that interval of time, they were met by a contest[5] not lesssevere than that which they had had with the Medes, since they foundan army of no mean size opposing them. For the wives of the Scythians,because their husbands were absent from them for a long time, hadassociated with the slaves. 2. Now the Scythians put out the eyes ofall their slaves because of the milk which they drink; and they do asfollows:--they take blow-pipes of bone just like flutes, and thesethey insert into the vagina of the mare and blow with their mouths,and others milk while they blow: and they say that they do thisbecause the veins of the mare are thus filled, being blown out, and sothe udder is let down. When they had drawn the milk they pour it intowooden vessels hollowed out, and they set the blind slaves in orderabout[6] the vessels and agitate the milk. Then that which comes tothe top they skim off, considering it the more valuable part, whereasthey esteem that which settles down to be less good than the other.For this reason[7] the Scythians put out the eyes of all whom theycatch; for they are not tillers of the soil but nomads. 3. From thesetheir slaves then, I say, and from their wives had been born and bredup a generation of young men, who having learnt the manner of their
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THE HISTORY OF HERODOTUSTranslated
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esult will therefore be open to cri
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that Io came to Egypt, not agreeing
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five hundred and five years, handin
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the silver he offered a vast quanti
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so on fact it happened; for when th
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while his native State was prospero
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touching my son, make no further me
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to this he had now been the destroy
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three talents and a half were melte
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settled at Plakia and Skylake in th
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was very indignant that he should b
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him great worship. So then, as migh
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Lacedemonians through his messenger
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Alyattes would not give up the Scyt
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portent, as indeed it was: and fort
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the victory for themselves, the one
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with all monarchs." Then, since his
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fruits of spoil which he had won fr
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dearth over the whole of Lydia; and
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circle are the royal palace and the
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Asia, and by their unruliness and r
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screaming, which was adorned with g
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mother was living with him still as
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danger to me. Nevertheless give cou
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Perseïd[134] kings. But other Pers
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they sacrifice to the Sun and the M
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own son. 138. Whatever things it is
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number of them are ashamed of the n
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of the same race as they; and in Te
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changed the whole manner of their l
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attlement of their wall and dedicat
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according to equality of age or fri
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cuirass[182] for the town, and anot
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well furnished[192] from home with
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y the coming up of the river itself
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since the time when being conquered
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along by it, which is of all mounta
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him well, if the crossing over to g
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horses (for they have both fashions
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[19] Tarentum.[20] {en toisi edolio
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[57] {umin}, as if both Oracles wer
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Lacedemonians) in the matter of Teg
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Mediterranean.[111] i.e. nature wou
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stated by Stein.)[142] {ekhomenon,
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[172] {autokhthonas epeirotas}.[173
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from himself (i.e. backs water), to
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a shepherd to bring up at the place
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elonging to Arabia stretches along
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theirs is, they said that the Helle
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distinction. The god however did no
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all rivers, not having rain and bei
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wherever this was, there would they
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opposite to other men in almost all
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differently for different sacrifice
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were in it two pillars,[47] the one
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Melampus then is he who taught of t
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ade the Libyans to make an Oracle o
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and I am of opinion that many even
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creature which is at peace with him
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*****77. Of the Egyptians themselve
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they die are not given at once to b
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produced, I think that I perceive.
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iver, for the side towards the East
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a man cut in the rock, of four cubi
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112. After him, they said, there su
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Dwelling in Egypt, the land where t
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wishing to store his wealth in safe
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who had been caught in a trap in th
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clothing for the workmen, seeing th
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inging his life to a swift close;[1
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whenever any man of the Egyptians c
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generations of men are equal to ten
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that he of them who should pour a l
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out to receive the wine he proceede
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charge and preserved him, concealin
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slaughter of them, and he might the
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attle then, I say, he was worsted,
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not lie. 175. First in Saïs he bui
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thou hast given me drugs, and thou
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[20] We do not know whether these m
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[45] {baris}, cp. ch. 96.[46] Or, "
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[74] {sindonos bussines}.[75] {to k
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[103] Cp. vii. 152.[104] {elasai},
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[130] {kai toutous allous}, i.e. as
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[154] Or, according to a few MSS.,
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the Serbonian lake, along the side
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Persians were lying apart on one si
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known how to keep himself from medd
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in proportion to his stature, this
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came to an end completely; and then
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31. This they say was the first beg
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he condemned twelve of the Persians
Page 193 and 194: with their forces, and conquered th
Page 195 and 196: sheds, keeping them ready so that,
Page 197 and 198: their houses or converse with him s
Page 199 and 200: 57. Those of the Samians who had ma
Page 201 and 202: upon Prexaspes and said: "Prexaspes
Page 203 and 204: you, and moreover that each man of
Page 205 and 206: These then having come together, be
Page 207 and 208: last what great benefits he had con
Page 209 and 210: endering any account of his acts? E
Page 211 and 212: agreement with him on those terms,
Page 213 and 214: all his affairs like a shopkeeper,
Page 215 and 216: those[84] who dwell about Nysa, whi
Page 217 and 218: it produces much greater heat than
Page 219 and 220: sides of mountains, which man can f
Page 221 and 222: with his wife. Accordingly Intaphre
Page 223 and 224: desire, it seems, for wealth, he fi
Page 225 and 226: the Persians who are in Sardis to s
Page 227 and 228: deed, while thou art still young; s
Page 229 and 230: from Asia to Hellas, and for the re
Page 231 and 232: 144. So when the Persians arrived a
Page 233 and 234: army by gestures and by words; and
Page 235 and 236: assuredly that he was speaking the
Page 237 and 238: [15] {pentakosias mneas}.[16] {anek
Page 239 and 240: [44] {tauta ta nun ekhon presseis}:
Page 241 and 242: equired, not only by the facts of t
Page 243: Editors is omitted, and by others a
Page 247 and 248: Traspians, and from the youngest of
Page 249 and 250: esolved to die and to be laid in th
Page 251 and 252: and beyond the Neuroi towards the N
Page 253 and 254: not admit at all as true. However,
Page 255 and 256: Carystians are those who bring them
Page 257 and 258: into Libya, Asia, and Europe, since
Page 259 and 260: 46. Now the region of the Euxine up
Page 261 and 262: 53. Fourth is the river Borysthenes
Page 263 and 264: cattle, but especially horses.62. T
Page 265 and 266: swear falsely, and complains indign
Page 267 and 268: much superior. This grows both of i
Page 269 and 270: stone: on this house Zeus[79a] caus
Page 271 and 272: which the Hellenes say formerly mov
Page 273 and 274: this appointed place: and when the
Page 275 and 276: 99. Now in front of Scythia in the
Page 277 and 278: customary law. They are nomads and
Page 279 and 280: women do none of these things which
Page 281 and 282: were to move on straight for the co
Page 283 and 284: captured or laid waste, and so join
Page 285 and 286: slight regard for us, and I perceiv
Page 287 and 288: destroyed the pastures for horses i
Page 289 and 290: Theras the son of Autesion, the son
Page 291 and 292: man to contend. And the Samians set
Page 293 and 294: itself at a spot opposite the islan
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gathering every one together by a p
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the island of Platea as far as the
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180. Next to these Machlyans are th
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185. As far as these Atlantians I a
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small snakes, each with one horn: t
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city, proposing to the inhabitants
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the coasts of Asia Minor; see i. 10
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[29] i.e. "Black-cloaks."[30] {'Arg
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[63] {upo ton kheimonon}.[64] {akin
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and the spelling in other writers v
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[125] Or, "and even so they found t
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months, before one of which the chi
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horse, and a dog against a dog. The
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11. Meanwhile Dareios, so soon as h
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17. So then those of the Paionians
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that of the first.[11]23. Thus then
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men.30. The Parians then had thus r
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the money which the Persians had br
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all that thou givest now and at the
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he set forth and accompanied Dorieo
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of explaining any further about the
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them into Hellas. Also the Ionians
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of Peisistratos were captured, whil
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Isagoras, as he was being worsted i
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the Dorians had come to Attica, twi
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at that time there were no olives i
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Carian, for the old Hellenic fashio
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were called Bacchiadai, had control
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anxious to hear the counsel which h
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97. While they had these thoughts a
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track and came up with them at Ephe
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the events were happening which her
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undermining the wall round.116. The
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still, if he should be forced to le
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{akrozumos}, "slightly leavened," a
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{anetheken elon}, {anetheken ion},
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y most Editors, make it "Sosicles."
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all.4. After this Histiaios acting
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free or slaves, and slaves too to b
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Phenicia; and having there sunk mer
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Zanclaians escaped from Incyos to H
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32. Then the commanders of the Pers
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axe in the City Hall by a man who p
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fell upon them a violent North Wind
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that time resolved according to est
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property, namely who ought to have
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ore him that Demaratos of whom we w
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efore and had lain with me and give
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went on cutting his flesh lengthway
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would have been conqueror of the ci
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ut I desire to recollect and do all
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hundred talents and be free from th
Page 399 and 400:
and Athens, they began to besiege t
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magistrates he said: "Lacedemonians
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do not, I expect that some great sp
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whose beard overshadowed his whole
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after him they became very greatly
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the thought that Hippocleides shoul
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Miltiades up before the people clai
Page 413 and 414:
Miltiades took possession of Lemnos
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apeontos} refers perhaps rather to
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74. {bouleuesthe}: some MSS. and ed
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108. The account of how the oil was
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made use of the suggestion of Demar
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purposing to make an expedition aga
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eported to be excellent both by sea
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quarrel, but the question before us
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more if I take my rest in thy bed t
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succession: moreover those who dwel
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my estates of land." 29. Thus he sa
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opes were heavier in proportion,[38
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emaining nine thousand were within
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ule men and not men the accidents.
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they call /akinakes/: but whether h
Page 443 and 444:
their commander Otanes the father o
Page 445 and 446:
who was the son of Dareios and Arty
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iron. 85. There are also certain no
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to stay in their place and be guard
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Lacedemonians alone: of these I say
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together a great pyre, and he cut t
Page 455 and 456:
zealous to serve him in the war and
Page 457 and 458:
from Aineia, with which name I brou
Page 459 and 460:
that which they desired to guard ag
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it had been fully satisfied, so muc
Page 463 and 464:
Holdeth within, and the dark ravine
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guard, enjoining them, if they shou
Page 467 and 468:
it is fitting that ye keep still an
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for the common people of Syracuse,
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made these offers, and the envoy of
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167. Moreover there is also this st
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which the Cretans proved not the mo
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Thesprotians to settle in the Aioli
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myriads and also in addition to the
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lay at anchor, I am not able to say
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197. When Xerxes had reached Alos o
Page 485 and 486:
Trachis.204. Of these troops, altho
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incredible, and he asked again a se
Page 489 and 490:
night, having on their right hand t
Page 491 and 492:
the Hellenes with Leonidas, feeling
Page 493 and 494:
the rest,--when they might, I say,
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Xerxes should be persuaded to do th
Page 497 and 498:
5. {aphanizoiato}, representing the
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from the Hellespont, that is presen
Page 501 and 502:
60. {tesi Aiguptiesi}, apparently {
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they were of one mind together"; bu
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troubles," but that would hardly su
Page 507 and 508:
{meta Samion}, "together with the S
Page 509 and 510:
doubtful, but the introduction of t
Page 511 and 512:
218. Lit. "had set out to go at fir
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e placed in the charge of the Athen
Page 515 and 516:
attack the Barbarians, desiring to
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e turned to flight by so few ships.
Page 519 and 520:
the dispositions which he made befo
Page 521 and 522:
31. When these words were reported,
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ocks which fell from Parnassos were
Page 525 and 526:
the land of the Amprakiots and Leuc
Page 527 and 528:
sacrifice, saw when they had gone u
Page 529 and 530:
overthrow of Hellas, for upon the s
Page 531 and 532:
ight that I set forth the opinion w
Page 533 and 534:
work, were yet dismayed, not fearin
Page 535 and 536:
Hellenes would not come to a battle
Page 537 and 538:
good fortune and got for herself go
Page 539 and 540:
an expedition against Athens. She t
Page 541 and 542:
100. As regards the Persians this w
Page 543 and 544:
his livelihood by the most impious
Page 545 and 546:
casting down the images of the gods
Page 547 and 548:
and the sons of Heracles of Sparta
Page 549 and 550:
Isthmus, which remained there still
Page 551 and 552:
He then in such a manner as this ha
Page 553 and 554:
following reason:--Amphiaraos deali
Page 555 and 556:
son of Amyntas, Amyntas was the son
Page 557 and 558:
appear before the Athenians with an
Page 559 and 560:
19. {neou}.20. {os anarpasomenoi to
Page 561 and 562:
53. See ch. 22.54. {pros de eti kai
Page 563 and 564:
individual selection.84. {ouden mer
Page 565 and 566:
BOOK IXTHE NINTH BOOK OF THE HISTOR
Page 567 and 568:
now ye make no account of the Athen
Page 569 and 570:
14. Mardonios then was retiring out
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ack, for so Mardonios had commanded
Page 573 and 574:
Erythrai, both for other reasons an
Page 575 and 576:
thousand Helots serving as light-ar
Page 577 and 578:
had made to be one of their own peo
Page 579 and 580:
flowing in every day and that he wo
Page 581 and 582:
the guards stayed at their posts, s
Page 583 and 584:
they chanced to be posted, while th
Page 585 and 586:
following the commands which were g
Page 587 and 588:
cheated of their hope: 62, and whil
Page 589 and 590:
Phliasians and those near them went
Page 591 and 592:
Athenians in this battle; and of hi
Page 593 and 594:
80. He having heard this went his w
Page 595 and 596:
equal to the first; and if the Theb
Page 597 and 598:
feed by a river[103] running from M
Page 599 and 600:
one was seen to put out against the
Page 601 and 602:
Persians were still fighting, the L
Page 603 and 604:
the customary rites, he went away t
Page 605 and 606:
while the Athenians and Xanthippos
Page 607 and 608:
ugged, let us change from it and in
Page 609 and 610:
30. {peri andra ekaston}.31. i.e. 3
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66. {anoploi}, by which evidently m
Page 613 and 614:
Ephesian, was he who buried it." Th
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