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78. {keletas}, "single horses."79. This name is apparently placed here wrongly. It has been proposedto read {Kaspeiroi} or {Paktues}.80. {ippeue}: the greater number of MSS. have {ippeuei} here as at thebeginning of ch. 84, to which this is a reference back, but with adifference of meaning. There the author seemed to begin with theintention of giving a full list of the cavalry force of thePersian Empire, and then confined his account to those actuallypresent on this occasion, whereas here the word in combinationwith {mouna} refers only to those just enumerated.81. i.e. 80,000.82. {Suroisi}, see note on ii. 104.83. {tukous}, which appears to mean ordinarily a tool for stonecutting.84. {mitresi}, perhaps "turbans."85. {kithonas}: there is some probability in the suggestion of{kitarias} here, for we should expect mention of a head-covering,and the word {kitaris} (which is explained to mean the same as{tiara}), is quoted by Pollux as occurring in Herodotus.86. {kithonas}.87. {drepana}, "reaping-hooks," cp. v. 112.88. See i. 171.89. {Pelasgoi Aigialees}.90. {kerkouroi}.91. {makra}: some MSS. and editions have {smikra}, "small."92. Or "Mapen."93. Or "Seldomos."94. {metopedon}.95. {me oentes arthmioi}. This is generally taken to mean, "unless
they were of one mind together"; but that would very much weakenthe force of the remark, and {arthmios} elsewhere is the oppositeof {polemios}, cp. vi. 83 and ix. 9, 37. Xerxes professes enmityonly against those who had refused to give the tokens ofsubmission.96. {men mounoisi}: these words are omitted in some good MSS., and{mounoisi} has perhaps been introduced from the precedingsentence. The thing referred to in {touto} is the power offighting in single combat with many at once, which Demaratos issupposed to have claimed for the whole community of the Spartans.97. {stergein malista}.98. {oudamoi ko}.99. Or, "Strauos."100. Or, "Compsatos."101. {tas epeirotidas polis}: it is not clear why these are thusdistinguished. Stein suggests {Thasion tas epeirotidas polis}, cp.ch. 118; and if that be the true reading {ion} is probably aremnant of {Thasion} after {khoras}.102. Or, "Pistiros."103. {oi propheteountes}, i.e. those who interpret the utterances ofthe Oracle, cp. viii. 36.104. {promantis}.105. {kai ouden poikiloteron}, an expression of which the meaning isnot quite clear; perhaps "and the oracles are not at all moreobscure," cp. Eur. Phœn. 470 and Hel. 711 (quoted by Bähr).106. "Ennea Hodoi."107. Cp. iii. 84.108. The "royal cubit" is about 20 inches; the {daktulos}, "finger'sbreadth," is rather less than ¾ inch.109. Or, "Cape Canastraion."110. Or "Echeidoros": so it is usually called, but not by any MS.
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THE HISTORY OF HERODOTUSTranslated
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esult will therefore be open to cri
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that Io came to Egypt, not agreeing
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five hundred and five years, handin
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the silver he offered a vast quanti
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so on fact it happened; for when th
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while his native State was prospero
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touching my son, make no further me
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to this he had now been the destroy
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three talents and a half were melte
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settled at Plakia and Skylake in th
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was very indignant that he should b
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him great worship. So then, as migh
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Lacedemonians through his messenger
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Alyattes would not give up the Scyt
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portent, as indeed it was: and fort
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the victory for themselves, the one
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with all monarchs." Then, since his
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fruits of spoil which he had won fr
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dearth over the whole of Lydia; and
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circle are the royal palace and the
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Asia, and by their unruliness and r
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screaming, which was adorned with g
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mother was living with him still as
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danger to me. Nevertheless give cou
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Perseïd[134] kings. But other Pers
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they sacrifice to the Sun and the M
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own son. 138. Whatever things it is
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number of them are ashamed of the n
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of the same race as they; and in Te
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changed the whole manner of their l
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attlement of their wall and dedicat
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according to equality of age or fri
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cuirass[182] for the town, and anot
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well furnished[192] from home with
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y the coming up of the river itself
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since the time when being conquered
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along by it, which is of all mounta
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him well, if the crossing over to g
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horses (for they have both fashions
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[19] Tarentum.[20] {en toisi edolio
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[57] {umin}, as if both Oracles wer
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Lacedemonians) in the matter of Teg
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Mediterranean.[111] i.e. nature wou
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stated by Stein.)[142] {ekhomenon,
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[172] {autokhthonas epeirotas}.[173
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from himself (i.e. backs water), to
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a shepherd to bring up at the place
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elonging to Arabia stretches along
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theirs is, they said that the Helle
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distinction. The god however did no
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all rivers, not having rain and bei
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wherever this was, there would they
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opposite to other men in almost all
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differently for different sacrifice
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were in it two pillars,[47] the one
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Melampus then is he who taught of t
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ade the Libyans to make an Oracle o
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and I am of opinion that many even
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creature which is at peace with him
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*****77. Of the Egyptians themselve
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they die are not given at once to b
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produced, I think that I perceive.
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iver, for the side towards the East
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a man cut in the rock, of four cubi
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112. After him, they said, there su
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Dwelling in Egypt, the land where t
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wishing to store his wealth in safe
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who had been caught in a trap in th
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clothing for the workmen, seeing th
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inging his life to a swift close;[1
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whenever any man of the Egyptians c
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generations of men are equal to ten
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that he of them who should pour a l
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out to receive the wine he proceede
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charge and preserved him, concealin
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slaughter of them, and he might the
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attle then, I say, he was worsted,
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not lie. 175. First in Saïs he bui
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thou hast given me drugs, and thou
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[20] We do not know whether these m
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[45] {baris}, cp. ch. 96.[46] Or, "
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[74] {sindonos bussines}.[75] {to k
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[103] Cp. vii. 152.[104] {elasai},
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[130] {kai toutous allous}, i.e. as
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[154] Or, according to a few MSS.,
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the Serbonian lake, along the side
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Persians were lying apart on one si
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known how to keep himself from medd
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in proportion to his stature, this
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came to an end completely; and then
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31. This they say was the first beg
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he condemned twelve of the Persians
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with their forces, and conquered th
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sheds, keeping them ready so that,
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their houses or converse with him s
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57. Those of the Samians who had ma
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upon Prexaspes and said: "Prexaspes
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you, and moreover that each man of
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These then having come together, be
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last what great benefits he had con
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endering any account of his acts? E
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agreement with him on those terms,
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all his affairs like a shopkeeper,
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those[84] who dwell about Nysa, whi
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it produces much greater heat than
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sides of mountains, which man can f
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with his wife. Accordingly Intaphre
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desire, it seems, for wealth, he fi
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the Persians who are in Sardis to s
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deed, while thou art still young; s
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from Asia to Hellas, and for the re
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144. So when the Persians arrived a
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army by gestures and by words; and
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assuredly that he was speaking the
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[15] {pentakosias mneas}.[16] {anek
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[44] {tauta ta nun ekhon presseis}:
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equired, not only by the facts of t
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Editors is omitted, and by others a
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[131] {sageneusantes}: see vi. 31.
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Traspians, and from the youngest of
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esolved to die and to be laid in th
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and beyond the Neuroi towards the N
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not admit at all as true. However,
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Carystians are those who bring them
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into Libya, Asia, and Europe, since
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46. Now the region of the Euxine up
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53. Fourth is the river Borysthenes
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cattle, but especially horses.62. T
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swear falsely, and complains indign
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much superior. This grows both of i
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stone: on this house Zeus[79a] caus
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which the Hellenes say formerly mov
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this appointed place: and when the
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99. Now in front of Scythia in the
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customary law. They are nomads and
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women do none of these things which
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were to move on straight for the co
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captured or laid waste, and so join
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slight regard for us, and I perceiv
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destroyed the pastures for horses i
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Theras the son of Autesion, the son
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man to contend. And the Samians set
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itself at a spot opposite the islan
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gathering every one together by a p
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the island of Platea as far as the
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180. Next to these Machlyans are th
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185. As far as these Atlantians I a
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small snakes, each with one horn: t
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city, proposing to the inhabitants
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the coasts of Asia Minor; see i. 10
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[29] i.e. "Black-cloaks."[30] {'Arg
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[63] {upo ton kheimonon}.[64] {akin
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and the spelling in other writers v
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[125] Or, "and even so they found t
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months, before one of which the chi
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horse, and a dog against a dog. The
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11. Meanwhile Dareios, so soon as h
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17. So then those of the Paionians
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that of the first.[11]23. Thus then
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men.30. The Parians then had thus r
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the money which the Persians had br
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all that thou givest now and at the
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he set forth and accompanied Dorieo
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of explaining any further about the
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them into Hellas. Also the Ionians
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of Peisistratos were captured, whil
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Isagoras, as he was being worsted i
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the Dorians had come to Attica, twi
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at that time there were no olives i
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Carian, for the old Hellenic fashio
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were called Bacchiadai, had control
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anxious to hear the counsel which h
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97. While they had these thoughts a
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track and came up with them at Ephe
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the events were happening which her
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undermining the wall round.116. The
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still, if he should be forced to le
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{akrozumos}, "slightly leavened," a
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{anetheken elon}, {anetheken ion},
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y most Editors, make it "Sosicles."
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all.4. After this Histiaios acting
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free or slaves, and slaves too to b
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Phenicia; and having there sunk mer
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Zanclaians escaped from Incyos to H
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32. Then the commanders of the Pers
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axe in the City Hall by a man who p
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fell upon them a violent North Wind
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that time resolved according to est
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property, namely who ought to have
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ore him that Demaratos of whom we w
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efore and had lain with me and give
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went on cutting his flesh lengthway
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would have been conqueror of the ci
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ut I desire to recollect and do all
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hundred talents and be free from th
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and Athens, they began to besiege t
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magistrates he said: "Lacedemonians
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do not, I expect that some great sp
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whose beard overshadowed his whole
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after him they became very greatly
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the thought that Hippocleides shoul
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Miltiades up before the people clai
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Miltiades took possession of Lemnos
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apeontos} refers perhaps rather to
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74. {bouleuesthe}: some MSS. and ed
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108. The account of how the oil was
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made use of the suggestion of Demar
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purposing to make an expedition aga
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eported to be excellent both by sea
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quarrel, but the question before us
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more if I take my rest in thy bed t
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succession: moreover those who dwel
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my estates of land." 29. Thus he sa
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opes were heavier in proportion,[38
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emaining nine thousand were within
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ule men and not men the accidents.
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they call /akinakes/: but whether h
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their commander Otanes the father o
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who was the son of Dareios and Arty
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iron. 85. There are also certain no
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to stay in their place and be guard
Page 451 and 452: Lacedemonians alone: of these I say
Page 453 and 454: together a great pyre, and he cut t
Page 455 and 456: zealous to serve him in the war and
Page 457 and 458: from Aineia, with which name I brou
Page 459 and 460: that which they desired to guard ag
Page 461 and 462: it had been fully satisfied, so muc
Page 463 and 464: Holdeth within, and the dark ravine
Page 465 and 466: guard, enjoining them, if they shou
Page 467 and 468: it is fitting that ye keep still an
Page 469 and 470: for the common people of Syracuse,
Page 471 and 472: made these offers, and the envoy of
Page 473 and 474: 167. Moreover there is also this st
Page 475 and 476: which the Cretans proved not the mo
Page 477 and 478: Thesprotians to settle in the Aioli
Page 479 and 480: myriads and also in addition to the
Page 481 and 482: lay at anchor, I am not able to say
Page 483 and 484: 197. When Xerxes had reached Alos o
Page 485 and 486: Trachis.204. Of these troops, altho
Page 487 and 488: incredible, and he asked again a se
Page 489 and 490: night, having on their right hand t
Page 491 and 492: the Hellenes with Leonidas, feeling
Page 493 and 494: the rest,--when they might, I say,
Page 495 and 496: Xerxes should be persuaded to do th
Page 497 and 498: 5. {aphanizoiato}, representing the
Page 499 and 500: from the Hellespont, that is presen
Page 501: 60. {tesi Aiguptiesi}, apparently {
Page 505 and 506: troubles," but that would hardly su
Page 507 and 508: {meta Samion}, "together with the S
Page 509 and 510: doubtful, but the introduction of t
Page 511 and 512: 218. Lit. "had set out to go at fir
Page 513 and 514: e placed in the charge of the Athen
Page 515 and 516: attack the Barbarians, desiring to
Page 517 and 518: e turned to flight by so few ships.
Page 519 and 520: the dispositions which he made befo
Page 521 and 522: 31. When these words were reported,
Page 523 and 524: ocks which fell from Parnassos were
Page 525 and 526: the land of the Amprakiots and Leuc
Page 527 and 528: sacrifice, saw when they had gone u
Page 529 and 530: overthrow of Hellas, for upon the s
Page 531 and 532: ight that I set forth the opinion w
Page 533 and 534: work, were yet dismayed, not fearin
Page 535 and 536: Hellenes would not come to a battle
Page 537 and 538: good fortune and got for herself go
Page 539 and 540: an expedition against Athens. She t
Page 541 and 542: 100. As regards the Persians this w
Page 543 and 544: his livelihood by the most impious
Page 545 and 546: casting down the images of the gods
Page 547 and 548: and the sons of Heracles of Sparta
Page 549 and 550: Isthmus, which remained there still
Page 551 and 552: He then in such a manner as this ha
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following reason:--Amphiaraos deali
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son of Amyntas, Amyntas was the son
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appear before the Athenians with an
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19. {neou}.20. {os anarpasomenoi to
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53. See ch. 22.54. {pros de eti kai
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individual selection.84. {ouden mer
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BOOK IXTHE NINTH BOOK OF THE HISTOR
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now ye make no account of the Athen
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14. Mardonios then was retiring out
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ack, for so Mardonios had commanded
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Erythrai, both for other reasons an
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thousand Helots serving as light-ar
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had made to be one of their own peo
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flowing in every day and that he wo
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the guards stayed at their posts, s
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they chanced to be posted, while th
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following the commands which were g
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cheated of their hope: 62, and whil
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Phliasians and those near them went
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Athenians in this battle; and of hi
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80. He having heard this went his w
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equal to the first; and if the Theb
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feed by a river[103] running from M
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one was seen to put out against the
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Persians were still fighting, the L
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the customary rites, he went away t
Page 605 and 606:
while the Athenians and Xanthippos
Page 607 and 608:
ugged, let us change from it and in
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30. {peri andra ekaston}.31. i.e. 3
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66. {anoploi}, by which evidently m
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Ephesian, was he who buried it." Th
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