herodotus

along by it, which is of all mountain-ranges both the greatest inextent and the loftiest: and the Caucasus has many various races ofmen dwelling in it, living for the most part on the wild produce ofthe forests; and among them there are said to be trees which produceleaves of such a kind that by pounding them and mixing water with themthey paint figures upon their garments, and the figures do not washout, but grow old with the woollen stuff as if they had been woveninto it at the first: and men say that the sexual intercourse of thesepeople is open like that of cattle. 204. On the West then of this Seawhich is called Caspian the Caucasus is the boundary, while towardsthe East and the rising sun a plain succeeds which is of limitlessextent to the view. Of this great plain then the Massagetai occupy alarge part, against whom Cyrus had become eager to march; for therewere many strong reasons which incited him to it and urged himonwards,--first the manner of his birth, that is to say the opinionheld of him that he was more than a mere mortal man, and next thesuccess which he had met with[215] in his wars, for whithersoeverCyrus directed his march, it was impossible for that nation to escape.205. Now the ruler of the Massagetai was a woman, who was queen afterthe death of her husband, and her name was Tomyris. To her Cyrus sentand wooed her, pretending that he desired to have her for his wife:but Tomyris understanding that he was wooing not herself but ratherthe kingdom of the Massagetai, rejected his approaches: and Cyrusafter this, as he made no progress by craft, marched to the Araxes,and proceeded to make an expedition openly against the Massagetai,forming bridges of boats over the river for his army to cross, andbuilding towers upon the vessels which gave them passage across theriver.206. While he was busied about this labour, Tomyris sent a herald andsaid thus: "O king of the Medes, cease to press forward the work whichthou art now pressing forward; for thou canst not tell whether thesethings will be in the end for thy advantage or no; cease to do so, Isay, and be king over thine own people, and endure to see us rulingthose whom we rule. Since however I know that thou wilt not be willingto receive this counsel, but dost choose anything rather than to be atrest, therefore if thou art greatly anxious to make trial of theMassagetai in fight, come now, leave that labour which thou hast inyoking together the banks of the river, and cross over into our land,when we have first withdrawn three days' journey from the river: or ifthou desirest rather to receive us into your land, do thou this samething thyself." Having heard this Cyrus called together the first menamong the Persians, and having gathered these together he laid thematter before them for discussion, asking their advice as to which ofthe two things he should do: and their opinions all agreed in one,bidding him receive Tomyris and her army into his country. 207. But