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137. Now of this Alexander the seventh ancestor[108] was thatPerdiccas who first became despot of the Macedonians, and that in themanner which here follows:--From Argos there fled to the Illyriansthree brothers of the descendents of Temenos, Gauanes, Aëropos, andPerdiccas; and passing over from the Illyrians into the upper parts ofMacedonia they came to the city of Lebaia. There they became farmservantsfor pay in the household of the king, one pasturing horses,the second oxen, and the youngest of them, namely Perdiccas, thesmaller kinds of cattle; for[109] in ancient times even those who wererulers over men[110] were poor in money, and not the common peopleonly; and the wife of the king cooked for them their food herself. Andwhenever she baked, the loaf of the boy their servant, namelyPerdiccas, became double as large as by nature it should be. When thishappened constantly in the same manner, she told it to her husband,and he when he heard it conceived forthwith that this was a portentand tended to something great. He summoned the farm-servantstherefore, and gave notice to them to depart out of his land; and theysaid that it was right that before they went forth they should receivethe wages which were due. Now it chanced that the sun was shining intothe house down through the opening which received the smoke, and theking when he heard about the wages said, being infatuated by a divinepower: "I pay you then this for wages, and it is such as ye deserve,"pointing to the sunlight. So then Gauanes and Aëropos the elderbrothers stood struck with amazement when they heard this, but theboy, who happened to have in his hand a knife, said these words: "Weaccept, O king, that which thou dost give;" and he traced a line withhis knife round the sunlight on the floor of the house, and havingtraced the line round he thrice drew of the sunlight into his bosom,and after that he departed both himself and his fellows. 138. Theythen were going away, and to the king one of those who sat by him attable told what manner of thing the boy had done, and how the youngestof them had taken that which was given with some design: and hehearing this and being moved with anger, sent after them horsemen toslay them. Now there is a river in this land to which the descendentsof these men from Argos sacrifice as a saviour. This river, so soon asthe sons of Temenos had passed over it, began to flow with such greatvolume of water that the horsemen became unable to pass over. So thebrothers, having come to another region of Macedonia, took up theirdwelling near the so-called gardens of Midas the son of Gordias, whereroses grow wild which have each one sixty petals and excel all othersin perfume. In these gardens too Silenos was captured, as is reportedby the Macedonians: and above the gardens is situated a mountaincalled Bermion, which is inaccessible by reason of the cold. Havingtaken possession of that region, they made this their starting-point,and proceeded to subdue also the rest of Macedonia. 139. From thisPerdiccas the descent of Alexander was as follows:--Alexander was the
son of Amyntas, Amyntas was the son of Alketes, the father of Alketeswas Aëropos, of him Philip, of Philip Argaios, and of this last thefather was Perdiccas, who first obtained the kingdom.140. Thus then, I say, Alexander the son of Amyntas was descended; andwhen he came to Athens sent from Mardonios, he spoke as follows: (a)"Athenians, Mardonios speaks these words:--There has come to me amessage from the king which speaks in this manner:--To the Athenians Iremit all the offences which were committed against me: and now,Mardonios, thus do,--first give them back their own land; then letthem choose for themselves another in addition to this, whichsoeverthey desire, remaining independent; and set up for them again alltheir temples, which I set on fire, provided that they consent to makea treaty with me. This message having come to me, it is necessary forme to do so, unless by your means I am prevented: and thus I speak toyou now:--Why are ye so mad as to raise up war against the king? sinceneither will ye overcome him, nor are ye able to hold out against himfor ever: for ye saw the multitude of the host of Xerxes and theirdeeds, and ye are informed also of the power which is with me at thepresent time; so that even if ye overcome and conquer us (of which yecan have no hope if ye are rightly minded), another power will comemany times as large. Do not ye then desire to match yourselves withthe king, and so to be both deprived of your land and for ever runninga course for your own lives; but make peace with him: and ye have amost honourable occasion to make peace, since the king has himself setout upon this road: agree to a league with us then without fraud ordeceit, and remain free. (b) These things Mardonios charged me to sayto you, O Athenians; and as for me, I will say nothing of the goodwilltowards you on my part, for ye would not learn that now for the firsttime; but I ask of you to do as Mardonios says, since I perceive thatye will not be able to war with Xerxes for ever,--if I perceived inyou ability to do this, I should never have come to you speaking thesewords,--for the power of the king is above that of a man and his armis very long. If therefore ye do not make an agreement forthwith, whenthey offer you great things as the terms on which they are willing tomake a treaty, I have fear on your behalf, seeing that ye dwell moreupon the highway than any of your allies, and are exposed ever todestruction alone, the land which ye possess being parted off from therest and lying between the armies which are contending together.[111]Nay, but be persuaded, for this is a matter of great consequence toyou, that to you alone of the Hellenes the great king remits theoffences committed and desires to become a friend."141. Thus spoke Alexander; and the Lacedemonians having been informedthat Alexander had come to Athens to bring the Athenians to make atreaty with the Barbarians, and remembering the oracles, who it was
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THE HISTORY OF HERODOTUSTranslated
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esult will therefore be open to cri
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that Io came to Egypt, not agreeing
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five hundred and five years, handin
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the silver he offered a vast quanti
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so on fact it happened; for when th
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while his native State was prospero
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touching my son, make no further me
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to this he had now been the destroy
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three talents and a half were melte
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settled at Plakia and Skylake in th
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was very indignant that he should b
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him great worship. So then, as migh
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Lacedemonians through his messenger
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Alyattes would not give up the Scyt
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portent, as indeed it was: and fort
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the victory for themselves, the one
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with all monarchs." Then, since his
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fruits of spoil which he had won fr
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dearth over the whole of Lydia; and
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circle are the royal palace and the
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Asia, and by their unruliness and r
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screaming, which was adorned with g
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mother was living with him still as
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danger to me. Nevertheless give cou
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Perseïd[134] kings. But other Pers
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they sacrifice to the Sun and the M
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own son. 138. Whatever things it is
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number of them are ashamed of the n
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of the same race as they; and in Te
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changed the whole manner of their l
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attlement of their wall and dedicat
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according to equality of age or fri
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cuirass[182] for the town, and anot
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well furnished[192] from home with
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y the coming up of the river itself
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since the time when being conquered
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along by it, which is of all mounta
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him well, if the crossing over to g
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horses (for they have both fashions
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[19] Tarentum.[20] {en toisi edolio
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[57] {umin}, as if both Oracles wer
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Lacedemonians) in the matter of Teg
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Mediterranean.[111] i.e. nature wou
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stated by Stein.)[142] {ekhomenon,
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[172] {autokhthonas epeirotas}.[173
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from himself (i.e. backs water), to
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a shepherd to bring up at the place
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elonging to Arabia stretches along
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theirs is, they said that the Helle
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distinction. The god however did no
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all rivers, not having rain and bei
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wherever this was, there would they
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opposite to other men in almost all
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differently for different sacrifice
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were in it two pillars,[47] the one
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Melampus then is he who taught of t
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ade the Libyans to make an Oracle o
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and I am of opinion that many even
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creature which is at peace with him
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*****77. Of the Egyptians themselve
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they die are not given at once to b
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produced, I think that I perceive.
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iver, for the side towards the East
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a man cut in the rock, of four cubi
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112. After him, they said, there su
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Dwelling in Egypt, the land where t
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wishing to store his wealth in safe
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who had been caught in a trap in th
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clothing for the workmen, seeing th
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inging his life to a swift close;[1
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whenever any man of the Egyptians c
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generations of men are equal to ten
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that he of them who should pour a l
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out to receive the wine he proceede
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charge and preserved him, concealin
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slaughter of them, and he might the
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attle then, I say, he was worsted,
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not lie. 175. First in Saïs he bui
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thou hast given me drugs, and thou
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[20] We do not know whether these m
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[45] {baris}, cp. ch. 96.[46] Or, "
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[74] {sindonos bussines}.[75] {to k
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[103] Cp. vii. 152.[104] {elasai},
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[130] {kai toutous allous}, i.e. as
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[154] Or, according to a few MSS.,
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the Serbonian lake, along the side
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Persians were lying apart on one si
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known how to keep himself from medd
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in proportion to his stature, this
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came to an end completely; and then
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31. This they say was the first beg
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he condemned twelve of the Persians
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with their forces, and conquered th
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sheds, keeping them ready so that,
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their houses or converse with him s
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57. Those of the Samians who had ma
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upon Prexaspes and said: "Prexaspes
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you, and moreover that each man of
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These then having come together, be
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last what great benefits he had con
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endering any account of his acts? E
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agreement with him on those terms,
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all his affairs like a shopkeeper,
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those[84] who dwell about Nysa, whi
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it produces much greater heat than
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sides of mountains, which man can f
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with his wife. Accordingly Intaphre
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desire, it seems, for wealth, he fi
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the Persians who are in Sardis to s
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deed, while thou art still young; s
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from Asia to Hellas, and for the re
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144. So when the Persians arrived a
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army by gestures and by words; and
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assuredly that he was speaking the
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[15] {pentakosias mneas}.[16] {anek
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[44] {tauta ta nun ekhon presseis}:
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equired, not only by the facts of t
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Editors is omitted, and by others a
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[131] {sageneusantes}: see vi. 31.
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Traspians, and from the youngest of
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esolved to die and to be laid in th
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and beyond the Neuroi towards the N
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not admit at all as true. However,
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Carystians are those who bring them
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into Libya, Asia, and Europe, since
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46. Now the region of the Euxine up
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53. Fourth is the river Borysthenes
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cattle, but especially horses.62. T
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swear falsely, and complains indign
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much superior. This grows both of i
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stone: on this house Zeus[79a] caus
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which the Hellenes say formerly mov
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this appointed place: and when the
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99. Now in front of Scythia in the
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customary law. They are nomads and
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women do none of these things which
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were to move on straight for the co
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captured or laid waste, and so join
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slight regard for us, and I perceiv
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destroyed the pastures for horses i
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Theras the son of Autesion, the son
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man to contend. And the Samians set
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itself at a spot opposite the islan
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gathering every one together by a p
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the island of Platea as far as the
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180. Next to these Machlyans are th
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185. As far as these Atlantians I a
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small snakes, each with one horn: t
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city, proposing to the inhabitants
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the coasts of Asia Minor; see i. 10
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[29] i.e. "Black-cloaks."[30] {'Arg
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[63] {upo ton kheimonon}.[64] {akin
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and the spelling in other writers v
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[125] Or, "and even so they found t
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months, before one of which the chi
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horse, and a dog against a dog. The
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11. Meanwhile Dareios, so soon as h
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17. So then those of the Paionians
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that of the first.[11]23. Thus then
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men.30. The Parians then had thus r
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the money which the Persians had br
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all that thou givest now and at the
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he set forth and accompanied Dorieo
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of explaining any further about the
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them into Hellas. Also the Ionians
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of Peisistratos were captured, whil
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Isagoras, as he was being worsted i
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the Dorians had come to Attica, twi
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at that time there were no olives i
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Carian, for the old Hellenic fashio
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were called Bacchiadai, had control
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anxious to hear the counsel which h
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97. While they had these thoughts a
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track and came up with them at Ephe
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the events were happening which her
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undermining the wall round.116. The
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still, if he should be forced to le
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{akrozumos}, "slightly leavened," a
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{anetheken elon}, {anetheken ion},
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y most Editors, make it "Sosicles."
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all.4. After this Histiaios acting
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free or slaves, and slaves too to b
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Phenicia; and having there sunk mer
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Zanclaians escaped from Incyos to H
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32. Then the commanders of the Pers
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axe in the City Hall by a man who p
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fell upon them a violent North Wind
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that time resolved according to est
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property, namely who ought to have
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ore him that Demaratos of whom we w
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efore and had lain with me and give
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went on cutting his flesh lengthway
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would have been conqueror of the ci
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ut I desire to recollect and do all
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hundred talents and be free from th
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and Athens, they began to besiege t
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magistrates he said: "Lacedemonians
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do not, I expect that some great sp
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whose beard overshadowed his whole
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after him they became very greatly
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the thought that Hippocleides shoul
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Miltiades up before the people clai
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Miltiades took possession of Lemnos
Page 415 and 416:
apeontos} refers perhaps rather to
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74. {bouleuesthe}: some MSS. and ed
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108. The account of how the oil was
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made use of the suggestion of Demar
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purposing to make an expedition aga
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eported to be excellent both by sea
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quarrel, but the question before us
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more if I take my rest in thy bed t
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succession: moreover those who dwel
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my estates of land." 29. Thus he sa
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opes were heavier in proportion,[38
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emaining nine thousand were within
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ule men and not men the accidents.
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they call /akinakes/: but whether h
Page 443 and 444:
their commander Otanes the father o
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who was the son of Dareios and Arty
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iron. 85. There are also certain no
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to stay in their place and be guard
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Lacedemonians alone: of these I say
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together a great pyre, and he cut t
Page 455 and 456:
zealous to serve him in the war and
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from Aineia, with which name I brou
Page 459 and 460:
that which they desired to guard ag
Page 461 and 462:
it had been fully satisfied, so muc
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Holdeth within, and the dark ravine
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guard, enjoining them, if they shou
Page 467 and 468:
it is fitting that ye keep still an
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for the common people of Syracuse,
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made these offers, and the envoy of
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167. Moreover there is also this st
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which the Cretans proved not the mo
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Thesprotians to settle in the Aioli
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myriads and also in addition to the
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lay at anchor, I am not able to say
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197. When Xerxes had reached Alos o
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Trachis.204. Of these troops, altho
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incredible, and he asked again a se
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night, having on their right hand t
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the Hellenes with Leonidas, feeling
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the rest,--when they might, I say,
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Xerxes should be persuaded to do th
Page 497 and 498:
5. {aphanizoiato}, representing the
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from the Hellespont, that is presen
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60. {tesi Aiguptiesi}, apparently {
Page 503 and 504: they were of one mind together"; bu
Page 505 and 506: troubles," but that would hardly su
Page 507 and 508: {meta Samion}, "together with the S
Page 509 and 510: doubtful, but the introduction of t
Page 511 and 512: 218. Lit. "had set out to go at fir
Page 513 and 514: e placed in the charge of the Athen
Page 515 and 516: attack the Barbarians, desiring to
Page 517 and 518: e turned to flight by so few ships.
Page 519 and 520: the dispositions which he made befo
Page 521 and 522: 31. When these words were reported,
Page 523 and 524: ocks which fell from Parnassos were
Page 525 and 526: the land of the Amprakiots and Leuc
Page 527 and 528: sacrifice, saw when they had gone u
Page 529 and 530: overthrow of Hellas, for upon the s
Page 531 and 532: ight that I set forth the opinion w
Page 533 and 534: work, were yet dismayed, not fearin
Page 535 and 536: Hellenes would not come to a battle
Page 537 and 538: good fortune and got for herself go
Page 539 and 540: an expedition against Athens. She t
Page 541 and 542: 100. As regards the Persians this w
Page 543 and 544: his livelihood by the most impious
Page 545 and 546: casting down the images of the gods
Page 547 and 548: and the sons of Heracles of Sparta
Page 549 and 550: Isthmus, which remained there still
Page 551 and 552: He then in such a manner as this ha
Page 553: following reason:--Amphiaraos deali
Page 557 and 558: appear before the Athenians with an
Page 559 and 560: 19. {neou}.20. {os anarpasomenoi to
Page 561 and 562: 53. See ch. 22.54. {pros de eti kai
Page 563 and 564: individual selection.84. {ouden mer
Page 565 and 566: BOOK IXTHE NINTH BOOK OF THE HISTOR
Page 567 and 568: now ye make no account of the Athen
Page 569 and 570: 14. Mardonios then was retiring out
Page 571 and 572: ack, for so Mardonios had commanded
Page 573 and 574: Erythrai, both for other reasons an
Page 575 and 576: thousand Helots serving as light-ar
Page 577 and 578: had made to be one of their own peo
Page 579 and 580: flowing in every day and that he wo
Page 581 and 582: the guards stayed at their posts, s
Page 583 and 584: they chanced to be posted, while th
Page 585 and 586: following the commands which were g
Page 587 and 588: cheated of their hope: 62, and whil
Page 589 and 590: Phliasians and those near them went
Page 591 and 592: Athenians in this battle; and of hi
Page 593 and 594: 80. He having heard this went his w
Page 595 and 596: equal to the first; and if the Theb
Page 597 and 598: feed by a river[103] running from M
Page 599 and 600: one was seen to put out against the
Page 601 and 602: Persians were still fighting, the L
Page 603 and 604: the customary rites, he went away t
Page 605 and 606:
while the Athenians and Xanthippos
Page 607 and 608:
ugged, let us change from it and in
Page 609 and 610:
30. {peri andra ekaston}.31. i.e. 3
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66. {anoploi}, by which evidently m
Page 613 and 614:
Ephesian, was he who buried it." Th
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