herodotus

husbands, nor should a wife call her own husband by name, for thisreason, because the Ionians had slain their fathers and husbands andchildren and then having done this had them to wife. This happened atMiletos. 147. Moreover some of them set Lykian kings over them,descendants of Glaucos and Hippolochos, while others were ruled byCauconians of Pylos, descendants of Codros the son of Melanthos, andothers again by princes of the two races combined. Since however thesehold on to the name more than the other Ionians, let them be called,if they will, the Ionians of truly pure descent; but in fact all areIonians who have their descent from Athens and who keep the feast ofApaturia; and this all keep except the men of Ephesos and Colophon:for these alone of all the Ionians do not keep the Apaturia, and thaton the ground of some murder committed. 148. Now the Panionion is asacred place on the north side of Mycale, set apart by commonagreement of the Ionians for Poseidon of Helike[152]; and this Mycaleis a promontory of the mainland running out Westwards towards Samos,where the Ionians gathering together from their cities used to hold afestival which they called the Panionia. (And not only the feasts ofthe Ionians but also those of all the Hellenes equally are subject tothis rule, that their names all end in the same letter, just like thenames of the Persians.)[153]These then are the Ionian cities: 149, and those of Aiolia are asfollows:--Kyme, which is called Phriconis, Larisai, Neon-teichos,Temnos, Killa, Notion, Aigiroëssa, Pitane, Aigaiai, Myrina, Gryneia;these are the ancient cities of the Aiolians, eleven in number, sinceone, Smyrna, was severed from them by the Ionians; for these cities,that is those on the mainland, used also formerly to be twelve innumber. And these Aiolians had the fortune to settle in a land whichis more fertile than that of the Ionians but in respect of climateless favoured.[154] 150. Now the Aiolians lost Smyrna in the followingmanner:--certain men of Colophon, who had been worsted in party strifeand had been driven from their native city, were received there forrefuge: and after this the Colophonian exiles watched for a time whenthe men of Smyrna were celebrating a festival to Dionysos outside thewalls, and then they closed the gates against them and got possessionof the city. After this, when the whole body of Aiolians came to therescue, they made an agreement that the Ionians should give up themovable goods, and that on this condition the Aiolians should abandonSmyrna. When the men of Smyrna had done this, the remaining elevencities divided them amongst themselves and made them their owncitizens. 151. These then are the Aiolian cities upon the mainland,with the exception of those situated on Mount Ida, for these areseparate from the rest. And of those which are in the islands, thereare five in Lesbos, for the sixth which was situated in Lesbos, namelyArisba, was enslaved by the men of Methymna, though its citizens were