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Leotychides, who was the son of Menares, the son of Hegesilaos, theson of Hippocratides, the son of Leotychides, the son of Anaxilaos,the son of Archidemos, the son of Anaxandriddes, the son ofTheopompos, the son of Nicander, the son of Charilaos,[98] the son ofEunomos, the son of Polydectes, the son of Prytanis, the son ofEuryphon,[99] the son of Procles, the son of Aristodemos, the son ofAristomachos, the son of Cleodaios, the son of Hyllos, the son ofHeracles, being of the other royal house.[100] These all, except thetwo[101] enumerated first after Leotychides, had been kings of Sparta.And of the Athenians the commander was Xanthippos the son of Ariphon.132. When all the ships had arrived at Egina, there came Ionian envoysto the camp of the Hellenes, who also came a short time before this toSparta and asked the Lacedemonians to set Ionia free; and of them onewas Herodotus the son of Basileides. These had banded themselvestogether and had plotted to put to death Strattis the despot of Chios,being originally seven in number; but when one of those who took partwith them gave information of it and they were discovered to beplotting against him, then the remaining six escaped from Chios andcame both to Sparta and also at this time to Egina, asking theHellenes to sail over to Ionia: but they with difficulty brought themforward as far as Delos; for the parts beyond this were all fearful tothe Hellenes, since they were without experience of those regions andeverything seemed to them to be filled with armed force, while theirpersuasion was that it was as long a voyage to Samos as to the Pillarsof Heracles. Thus at the same time it so chanced that the Barbariansdared sail no further up towards the West than Samos, being smittenwith fear, and the Hellenes no further down towards the East thanDelos, when the Chians made request of them. So fear was guard of thespace which lay between them.133. The Hellenes, I say, sailed to Delos; and Mardonios meanwhile hadbeen wintering in Thessaly. From thence he sent round a man, a nativeof Europos, whose name was Mys, to the various Oracles, charging himto go everywhere to consult,[102] wherever they[103] were permitted tomake trial of the Oracles. What he desired to find out from theOracles when he gave this charge, I am not able to say, for that isnot reported; but I conceive for my part that he sent to consult abouthis present affairs and not about other things. 134. This Mys is knownto have come to Lebadeia and to have persuaded by payment of money oneof the natives of the place to go down to Trophonios, and also he cameto the Oracle at Abai of the Phokians; and moreover when he came forthe first time to Thebes, he not only consulted the Ismenian Apollo,--there one may consult just as at Olympia with victims,--but also bypayment he persuaded a stranger who was not a Theban, and induced himto lie down to sleep in the temple of Amphiaraos. In this temple noone of the Thebans is permitted to seek divination, and that for the
following reason:--Amphiaraos dealing by oracles bade them choosewhich they would of these two things, either to have him as a divineror else as an ally in war, abstaining from the other use; and theychose that he should be their ally in war: for this reason it is notpermitted to any of the Thebans to lie down to sleep in that temple.135. After this a thing which to me is a very great marvel is said bythe Thebans to have come to pass:--it seems that this man Mys ofEuropos, as he journeyed round to all the Oracles, came also to thesacred enclosure of the Ptoan Apollo. This temple is called "Ptoon,"and belongs to the Thebans, and it lies above the lake Copaïs at thefoot of the mountains, close to the town of Acraiphia. When the mancalled Mys came to this temple with three men chosen from thecitizens[104] in his company, who were sent by the public authority towrite down that which the god should utter in his divination,forthwith it is said the prophet[105] of the god began to give theoracle in a Barbarian tongue; and while those of the Thebans whoaccompanied him were full of wonder, hearing a Barbarian instead ofthe Hellenic tongue, and did not know what to make of the matterbefore them, it is said that the man of Europos, Mys, snatched fromthem the tablet which they bore and wrote upon it that which was beingspoken by the prophet; and he said that the prophet was giving hisanswer in the Carian tongue: and then when he had written it, he wentaway and departed to Thessaly.136. Mardonios having read that which the Oracles uttered, whateverthat was, after this sent as an envoy to Athens Alexander the son ofAmyntas, the Macedonian, both because the Persians were connected withhim by marriage, (for Gygaia the sister of Alexander and daughter ofAmyntas had been married to a Persian Bubares,[106] and from her hadbeen born to him that Amyntas who lived in Asia, having the name ofhis mother's father, to whom the king gave Alabanda,[107] a great cityof Phrygia, to possess), and also Mardonios was sending him because hewas informed that Alexander was a public guest-friend and benefactorof the Athenians; for by this means he thought that he would be mostlikely to gain over the Athenians to his side, about whom he heardthat they were a numerous people and brave in war, and of whom he knewmoreover that these were they who more than any others had broughtabout the disasters which had befallen the Persians by sea. Thereforeif these should be added to him, he thought that he should easily havecommand of the sea (and this in fact would have been the case), whileon land he supposed himself to be already much superior in force. Thushe reckoned that his power would be much greater than that of theHellenes. Perhaps also the Oracles told him this beforehand,counselling him to make the Athenian his ally, and so he was sendingin obedience to their advice.
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THE HISTORY OF HERODOTUSTranslated
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esult will therefore be open to cri
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that Io came to Egypt, not agreeing
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five hundred and five years, handin
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the silver he offered a vast quanti
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so on fact it happened; for when th
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while his native State was prospero
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touching my son, make no further me
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to this he had now been the destroy
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three talents and a half were melte
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settled at Plakia and Skylake in th
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was very indignant that he should b
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him great worship. So then, as migh
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Lacedemonians through his messenger
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Alyattes would not give up the Scyt
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portent, as indeed it was: and fort
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the victory for themselves, the one
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with all monarchs." Then, since his
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fruits of spoil which he had won fr
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dearth over the whole of Lydia; and
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circle are the royal palace and the
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Asia, and by their unruliness and r
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screaming, which was adorned with g
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mother was living with him still as
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danger to me. Nevertheless give cou
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Perseïd[134] kings. But other Pers
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they sacrifice to the Sun and the M
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own son. 138. Whatever things it is
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number of them are ashamed of the n
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of the same race as they; and in Te
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changed the whole manner of their l
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attlement of their wall and dedicat
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according to equality of age or fri
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cuirass[182] for the town, and anot
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well furnished[192] from home with
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y the coming up of the river itself
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since the time when being conquered
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along by it, which is of all mounta
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him well, if the crossing over to g
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horses (for they have both fashions
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[19] Tarentum.[20] {en toisi edolio
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[57] {umin}, as if both Oracles wer
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Lacedemonians) in the matter of Teg
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Mediterranean.[111] i.e. nature wou
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stated by Stein.)[142] {ekhomenon,
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[172] {autokhthonas epeirotas}.[173
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from himself (i.e. backs water), to
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a shepherd to bring up at the place
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elonging to Arabia stretches along
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theirs is, they said that the Helle
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distinction. The god however did no
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all rivers, not having rain and bei
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wherever this was, there would they
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opposite to other men in almost all
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differently for different sacrifice
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were in it two pillars,[47] the one
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Melampus then is he who taught of t
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ade the Libyans to make an Oracle o
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and I am of opinion that many even
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creature which is at peace with him
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*****77. Of the Egyptians themselve
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they die are not given at once to b
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produced, I think that I perceive.
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iver, for the side towards the East
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a man cut in the rock, of four cubi
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112. After him, they said, there su
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Dwelling in Egypt, the land where t
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wishing to store his wealth in safe
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who had been caught in a trap in th
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clothing for the workmen, seeing th
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inging his life to a swift close;[1
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whenever any man of the Egyptians c
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generations of men are equal to ten
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that he of them who should pour a l
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out to receive the wine he proceede
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charge and preserved him, concealin
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slaughter of them, and he might the
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attle then, I say, he was worsted,
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not lie. 175. First in Saïs he bui
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thou hast given me drugs, and thou
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[20] We do not know whether these m
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[45] {baris}, cp. ch. 96.[46] Or, "
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[74] {sindonos bussines}.[75] {to k
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[103] Cp. vii. 152.[104] {elasai},
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[130] {kai toutous allous}, i.e. as
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[154] Or, according to a few MSS.,
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the Serbonian lake, along the side
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Persians were lying apart on one si
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known how to keep himself from medd
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in proportion to his stature, this
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came to an end completely; and then
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31. This they say was the first beg
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he condemned twelve of the Persians
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with their forces, and conquered th
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sheds, keeping them ready so that,
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their houses or converse with him s
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57. Those of the Samians who had ma
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upon Prexaspes and said: "Prexaspes
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you, and moreover that each man of
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These then having come together, be
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last what great benefits he had con
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endering any account of his acts? E
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agreement with him on those terms,
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all his affairs like a shopkeeper,
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those[84] who dwell about Nysa, whi
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it produces much greater heat than
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sides of mountains, which man can f
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with his wife. Accordingly Intaphre
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desire, it seems, for wealth, he fi
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the Persians who are in Sardis to s
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deed, while thou art still young; s
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from Asia to Hellas, and for the re
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144. So when the Persians arrived a
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army by gestures and by words; and
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assuredly that he was speaking the
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[15] {pentakosias mneas}.[16] {anek
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[44] {tauta ta nun ekhon presseis}:
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equired, not only by the facts of t
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Editors is omitted, and by others a
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[131] {sageneusantes}: see vi. 31.
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Traspians, and from the youngest of
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esolved to die and to be laid in th
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and beyond the Neuroi towards the N
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not admit at all as true. However,
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Carystians are those who bring them
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into Libya, Asia, and Europe, since
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46. Now the region of the Euxine up
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53. Fourth is the river Borysthenes
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cattle, but especially horses.62. T
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swear falsely, and complains indign
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much superior. This grows both of i
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stone: on this house Zeus[79a] caus
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which the Hellenes say formerly mov
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this appointed place: and when the
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99. Now in front of Scythia in the
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customary law. They are nomads and
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women do none of these things which
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were to move on straight for the co
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captured or laid waste, and so join
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slight regard for us, and I perceiv
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destroyed the pastures for horses i
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Theras the son of Autesion, the son
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man to contend. And the Samians set
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itself at a spot opposite the islan
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gathering every one together by a p
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the island of Platea as far as the
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180. Next to these Machlyans are th
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185. As far as these Atlantians I a
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small snakes, each with one horn: t
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city, proposing to the inhabitants
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the coasts of Asia Minor; see i. 10
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[29] i.e. "Black-cloaks."[30] {'Arg
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[63] {upo ton kheimonon}.[64] {akin
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and the spelling in other writers v
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[125] Or, "and even so they found t
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months, before one of which the chi
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horse, and a dog against a dog. The
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11. Meanwhile Dareios, so soon as h
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17. So then those of the Paionians
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that of the first.[11]23. Thus then
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men.30. The Parians then had thus r
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the money which the Persians had br
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all that thou givest now and at the
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he set forth and accompanied Dorieo
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of explaining any further about the
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them into Hellas. Also the Ionians
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of Peisistratos were captured, whil
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Isagoras, as he was being worsted i
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the Dorians had come to Attica, twi
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at that time there were no olives i
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Carian, for the old Hellenic fashio
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were called Bacchiadai, had control
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anxious to hear the counsel which h
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97. While they had these thoughts a
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track and came up with them at Ephe
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the events were happening which her
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undermining the wall round.116. The
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still, if he should be forced to le
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{akrozumos}, "slightly leavened," a
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{anetheken elon}, {anetheken ion},
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y most Editors, make it "Sosicles."
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all.4. After this Histiaios acting
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free or slaves, and slaves too to b
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Phenicia; and having there sunk mer
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Zanclaians escaped from Incyos to H
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32. Then the commanders of the Pers
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axe in the City Hall by a man who p
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fell upon them a violent North Wind
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that time resolved according to est
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property, namely who ought to have
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ore him that Demaratos of whom we w
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efore and had lain with me and give
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went on cutting his flesh lengthway
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would have been conqueror of the ci
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ut I desire to recollect and do all
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hundred talents and be free from th
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and Athens, they began to besiege t
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magistrates he said: "Lacedemonians
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do not, I expect that some great sp
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whose beard overshadowed his whole
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after him they became very greatly
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the thought that Hippocleides shoul
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Miltiades up before the people clai
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Miltiades took possession of Lemnos
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apeontos} refers perhaps rather to
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74. {bouleuesthe}: some MSS. and ed
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108. The account of how the oil was
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made use of the suggestion of Demar
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purposing to make an expedition aga
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eported to be excellent both by sea
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quarrel, but the question before us
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more if I take my rest in thy bed t
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succession: moreover those who dwel
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my estates of land." 29. Thus he sa
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opes were heavier in proportion,[38
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emaining nine thousand were within
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ule men and not men the accidents.
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they call /akinakes/: but whether h
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their commander Otanes the father o
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who was the son of Dareios and Arty
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iron. 85. There are also certain no
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to stay in their place and be guard
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Lacedemonians alone: of these I say
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together a great pyre, and he cut t
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zealous to serve him in the war and
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from Aineia, with which name I brou
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that which they desired to guard ag
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it had been fully satisfied, so muc
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Holdeth within, and the dark ravine
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guard, enjoining them, if they shou
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it is fitting that ye keep still an
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for the common people of Syracuse,
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made these offers, and the envoy of
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167. Moreover there is also this st
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which the Cretans proved not the mo
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Thesprotians to settle in the Aioli
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myriads and also in addition to the
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lay at anchor, I am not able to say
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197. When Xerxes had reached Alos o
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Trachis.204. Of these troops, altho
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incredible, and he asked again a se
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night, having on their right hand t
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the Hellenes with Leonidas, feeling
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the rest,--when they might, I say,
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Xerxes should be persuaded to do th
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5. {aphanizoiato}, representing the
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from the Hellespont, that is presen
Page 501 and 502: 60. {tesi Aiguptiesi}, apparently {
Page 503 and 504: they were of one mind together"; bu
Page 505 and 506: troubles," but that would hardly su
Page 507 and 508: {meta Samion}, "together with the S
Page 509 and 510: doubtful, but the introduction of t
Page 511 and 512: 218. Lit. "had set out to go at fir
Page 513 and 514: e placed in the charge of the Athen
Page 515 and 516: attack the Barbarians, desiring to
Page 517 and 518: e turned to flight by so few ships.
Page 519 and 520: the dispositions which he made befo
Page 521 and 522: 31. When these words were reported,
Page 523 and 524: ocks which fell from Parnassos were
Page 525 and 526: the land of the Amprakiots and Leuc
Page 527 and 528: sacrifice, saw when they had gone u
Page 529 and 530: overthrow of Hellas, for upon the s
Page 531 and 532: ight that I set forth the opinion w
Page 533 and 534: work, were yet dismayed, not fearin
Page 535 and 536: Hellenes would not come to a battle
Page 537 and 538: good fortune and got for herself go
Page 539 and 540: an expedition against Athens. She t
Page 541 and 542: 100. As regards the Persians this w
Page 543 and 544: his livelihood by the most impious
Page 545 and 546: casting down the images of the gods
Page 547 and 548: and the sons of Heracles of Sparta
Page 549 and 550: Isthmus, which remained there still
Page 551: He then in such a manner as this ha
Page 555 and 556: son of Amyntas, Amyntas was the son
Page 557 and 558: appear before the Athenians with an
Page 559 and 560: 19. {neou}.20. {os anarpasomenoi to
Page 561 and 562: 53. See ch. 22.54. {pros de eti kai
Page 563 and 564: individual selection.84. {ouden mer
Page 565 and 566: BOOK IXTHE NINTH BOOK OF THE HISTOR
Page 567 and 568: now ye make no account of the Athen
Page 569 and 570: 14. Mardonios then was retiring out
Page 571 and 572: ack, for so Mardonios had commanded
Page 573 and 574: Erythrai, both for other reasons an
Page 575 and 576: thousand Helots serving as light-ar
Page 577 and 578: had made to be one of their own peo
Page 579 and 580: flowing in every day and that he wo
Page 581 and 582: the guards stayed at their posts, s
Page 583 and 584: they chanced to be posted, while th
Page 585 and 586: following the commands which were g
Page 587 and 588: cheated of their hope: 62, and whil
Page 589 and 590: Phliasians and those near them went
Page 591 and 592: Athenians in this battle; and of hi
Page 593 and 594: 80. He having heard this went his w
Page 595 and 596: equal to the first; and if the Theb
Page 597 and 598: feed by a river[103] running from M
Page 599 and 600: one was seen to put out against the
Page 601 and 602: Persians were still fighting, the L
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the customary rites, he went away t
Page 605 and 606:
while the Athenians and Xanthippos
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ugged, let us change from it and in
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30. {peri andra ekaston}.31. i.e. 3
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66. {anoploi}, by which evidently m
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Ephesian, was he who buried it." Th
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