The mechanical effects of short-circuit currents in - Montefiore

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Separate-phase layout bI bII bI bII bI bII phase 1 phase 1 phase 2 phase 2 phase 3 phase 3 Figure 2.21 b= busbar i1 i1 i 2 i 2 i3 i3 d D d D d The following expression of LAPLACE’s force on phase 2 of busbar 1 corresponds to separate-phase layout given above : µ 0 ⎛ i1 i1 i2 i3 i3 ⎞ (2.88) F = . i2. ⎜ − + − + ⎟ 2π ⎝ D + d D d D + d D + 2d ⎠ Type of fault singlephase fault developing through two busbars two-phase fault developing through two busbars three-phase fault developing through two busbars block diagram analysed b 1 p 1 I b 2 p 1 I b 1 p 2 b 2 p 2 b 1 p 3 b 2 p 3 b 1 p 1 I b 2 p 1 I b 1 p 2 I b 2 p 2 I b 1 p 3 b 2 p 3 b 1 p 1 I1 b 2 p 1 I1 b 1 p 2 I2 b 2 p 2 I2 b 1 p 3 I3 b 2 p 3 I3 32 1,4 1,2 1,0 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0,0 SEPARATE PHASE LAYOUT amplification coefficients 0,3 0,5 0,7 0,9 1, 1,3 1,5 1,7 1,9 RATIO d/D K 2p 1b K 3p 1b K 1p 2b K 2p 2b K 3p 2b Figure 2.22 Comparison of stresses versus type of faults Amplification Coefficients Maximum Asymmetry 2b K1p K 2 b 2p Table 2.5 Separated-phase layout Amplification Coefficients = 1 3 d d 4 D d D 1 = + − ⎛ ⎞ ⎜ ⎟ ⎝ + ⎠ ( K ) 2 K3 K Re 2 b p = + phase 1 busbar 2 α = 1 d d β =− + D D + d d d γ =− + 2D + d 2D + 2d 2 jφ K = α + βa + γa = K . e phase 2 busbar 1 or 2 d d α = − D + d D β = 1 d d γ =− + D + d D + 2d 2 = K = αa + β + γa K . e jφ ϕ u = 0 ϕ u = 0 φ − ± 2 νπ 2π φ ν 3 2 2 π − ± where ν is integer Remarks calculated by IEC 60865 or by advanced method. if Imono = Itri if Imono = Itri
Asymmetrical associated-phase layout bI bII phase 1 phase 2 phase 3 phase 1 phase 2 phase 3 Figure 2.23 b=busbar i1 i2 i3 i1 i2 i3 The following expression of Laplace’s force on phase 2 of busbar 1 corresponds to the asymmetrical associated-phase layout represented above : µ 0 ⎛ i1 i3 i1 i2 i3 ⎞ (2.89) F = . i2. ⎜ − + + + ⎟ 2π ⎝ d d D + d D + 2d D + 3d ⎠ Type of fault phase to phase fault two-phase fault developing through two busbars three-phase fault developing through two busbars block diagram analysed b 1 p 1 I b 1 p 2 I b 1 p 1 I b 1 p 2 I b 1 p 3 b 2 p 1 I b 2 p 2 I b 2 p 3 b 1 p 1 I1 b 1 p 2 I2 b 1 p 3 I3 b 2 p 1 I1 b 2 p 2 I2 b 2 p 3 I3 d d D d d 33 1,60 1,50 1,40 1,30 1,20 1,10 1,00 ASYMMETRICAL ASSOCIATED PHASE LAYOUT amplification coefficients 0,30 0,40 0,50 0,60 0,70 0,80 0,90 1,00 RATIO d/D K 2p 1 b K 3p 1b K 2p 2 b K 3p 2 b Figure 2.24 Comparison of stresses versus type of faults Amplification Coefficients Maximum Asymmetry 1b K2 p K 2b 2p 2 K3 b p = 1 d d = 1+ − d+ D 2d+ D = 4 3 K + Re 2 ( K ) phase 2 busbar 1 d α = 1 + d + D d β = D+ 2d d γ =− 1 + D + 3d 2 K = αa + β + γa = K . e phase 3 busbar 1 1 d α = + 2 D d β = 1 + d + D d γ = 2d + D 2 K = αa + βa + γ = K . e Table 2.6 Asymmetrical associated-phase layout Amplification Coefficients jφ jφ ϕ u = 0 ϕ u = 0 2π φ ν 3 2 2 π − ± where ν is integer π φ π − ± ν 3 2 2 remarks calculated by IEC 60865 or by advanced method.
Page 1 and 2: THE MECHANICAL EFFECTS OF SHORT-CIR
Page 3 and 4: 3.7. Special problems .............
Page 5 and 6: 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. GENERAL PRESEN
Page 7 and 8: The pinch (first maximum) can be ve
Page 9 and 10: 1.3.3.2 Supporting structures Simil
Page 11 and 12: This method allows to state the sho
Page 13 and 14: and becomes the static force in equ
Page 15 and 16: (2.26) M el-pl ⎡ y d/ 2 y = 2⎢
Page 17 and 18: V σ 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 mechanical reson
Page 19 and 20: V F 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 mechanical resona
Page 21 and 22: 1. eigenmode 2. eigenmode 3. eigenm
Page 23 and 24: (2.43) U E max max = 1 2 1 = 2 l
Page 25 and 26: m (2.47) M = σm = Z mσ m dm 2 J w
Page 27 and 28: profiles in Figure 2.14 it follows
Page 29 and 30: (2.71) 2 tube tube 4 tube U ∂U
Page 31: 2.3.2. Influence of two busbars a)
Page 35 and 36: d)Methods used IEC 60865 method : -
Page 37 and 38: Section 3.4 deals with the effects
Page 39 and 40: In Figure 3.5 to Figure 3.8, the ma
Page 41 and 42: Figure 3.17 Comparison calculated a
Page 43 and 44: movement of the dropper (swing out
Page 45 and 46: This value has to be compared with
Page 47 and 48: EN 60865-1 [Ref 3] with the assumpt
Page 49 and 50: a) b) c) 3 m 2 1 0 -1 δ m δ 1 Mov
Page 51 and 52: Droppers with fixed upper ends Duri
Page 53 and 54: Manuzio developed a simplified meth
Page 55 and 56: From prior tests the stiffness valu
Page 57 and 58: Force / kN Force / kN 100mm 200mm 4
Page 59 and 60: 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 ESL F
Page 61 and 62: 3.7. SPECIAL PROBLEMS 3.7.1. Auto-r
Page 63 and 64: for the maximum outswing and the ma
Page 65 and 66: Zug-/Druck-Kraft in kN Z eit in s F
Page 67 and 68: The numerical resolution of these e
Page 69 and 70: 4. GUIDELINES FOR DESIGN AND UPRATI
Page 71 and 72: standards and tested under specifie
Page 73 and 74: 5. PROBABILISTIC APPROACH TO SHORT-
Page 75: f G f(L) Lt Ls 75 G(L) ∞ R = ∫
Page 78 and 79: Only the lowest break values are im
Page 80 and 81: 5.2.2. A global Approach For analyz
Page 82 and 83:
to multinode operation can compared
Page 84 and 85:
5.2.3.1.7. Proposed Approach The st
Page 86 and 87:
The first case (Figure 5.14) corres
Page 88 and 89:
centers are normally balanced by ba
Page 90 and 91:
Remark: The risk integral (5.3) can
Page 92 and 93:
1,0 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0,0 -0,2 -0,4 -
Page 94 and 95:
The histograms below for the instan
Page 96 and 97:
5.2.3.8.2. Reliability based design
Page 98 and 99:
power converter in a three phase br
Page 100 and 101:
The time functions of the currents
Page 102 and 103:
a) Determination of the linear mome
Page 104 and 105:
Figure 6.11 Coefficients mJs1 and m
Page 106 and 107:
7. REFERENCES Ref 1. IEC TC 73/CIGR
Page 108 and 109:
Ref 42. Stein, N.; Miri, A.M.; Meye
Page 110 and 111:
Ref 80. Fiabilité des structures d
Page 112 and 113:
8. ANNEX 8.1. THE EQUIVALENT STATIC
Page 114 and 115:
Figure 8.2 What is ESL in this case
Page 116 and 117:
As the eigenfrequency of the portal
Page 118 and 119:
Figure 8.9 Case 3 (third eigenfrequ
Page 120 and 121:
Both cases have the same 200-kV-arr
Page 122 and 123:
a) c) 5 +25 % 0 % 4 3 F c / F st 2
Page 124 and 125:
a) b) 24 kN 20 +25 % 0 % 2,0 m F c
Page 126 and 127:
Case *11 (EDF 1990) This is the 102
Page 128 and 129:
8.4. INFLUENCE OF THE RECLOSURE The
Page 130 and 131:
( ( δ ) ( δ ) ) T = Mg08 . b r .
Page 132 and 133:
IEC 60865 Calculations If the clear
Page 134 and 135:
8.6.1.1 With calculation of the rel
Page 136 and 137:
f) Calculation of the stresses due
Page 138 and 139:
d) Determination of the forces at t
Page 140 and 141:
8.7. ERRATA TO BROCHURE NO 105 In V
show all

The mechanical effects of short-circuit currents in - Montefiore

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?