Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Invasive ...

<strong>Proceedings</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Third</strong> <strong>International</strong> <strong>Conference</strong> on Invasive SpartinaChapter 1: Spartina BiologyArgentina was a separate species, C. maritima, or ‘fea<strong>the</strong>rergot.’ The host at <strong>the</strong> time was misidentified as S. maritima(Eleuterius and Meyers 1977). Eleuterius and Meyers (1977)proposed it was more likely to have been S. alterniflora,based on floristic surveys <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> region, but since S.densiflora is now known to be a host in South America, itcould be a candidate as well.Our results support <strong>the</strong> recognition <strong>of</strong> three discretegroups within C. purpurea. Results <strong>of</strong> RAPD and AFLPanalysis showed high intergroup variability between G1, G2,and G3. Using a collection <strong>of</strong> isolates from a different set <strong>of</strong>hosts, Jungehülsing and Tudzynski (1997) also found highintraspecific variability using RAPD markers. In <strong>the</strong>ir study,parsimony analysis grouped samples from <strong>the</strong> same hostspecies toge<strong>the</strong>r, suggesting some degree <strong>of</strong> host specificity.More sampling is necessary to reveal <strong>the</strong> ecological andphysiological range <strong>of</strong> G3, though <strong>the</strong>re is evidence that <strong>the</strong>pathogenicity pr<strong>of</strong>ile <strong>of</strong> G3, following greenhouseinoculations, is not limited to salt marsh species (Pazoutováet al. 2002a). Laboratory experiments notwithstanding, ourresults imply a degree <strong>of</strong> specificity in <strong>the</strong> ecological range <strong>of</strong>G3.Our results confirm <strong>the</strong> presence <strong>of</strong> three intraspecificgroups within C. purpurea and support from both RAPD andAFLP pr<strong>of</strong>iles strongly suggests widespread geographicdispersal <strong>of</strong> salt marsh C. purpurea throughout <strong>the</strong> range <strong>of</strong>both native and invasive Spartina species.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThanks to S. Pazoutová for providing C. purpureaisolates; D. Strong for comments on manuscripts; A.Bartolis, K. Heck, D. Garcia-Rossi, T. Buck, A. Kolker, S.Orl<strong>of</strong>f, M. Burzynski, D. Wesenberg and E. Landy for fieldsamples; B. Aegerter, D. Ayres, G. Douhan and D. Rizzo forassistance and use <strong>of</strong> laboratory equipment.This study was financially supported by The GardenClub <strong>of</strong> America, Jastro Shields and Humanities awardsfrom <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> California, Davis and NSFBiocomplexity DEB 0083583 to A. Hastings.REFERENCESBoyle, P.J. 1976. Ergot epiphytotic on Spartina spp. in Ireland.Irish Journal <strong>of</strong> Agricultural Research 15: 419-424.Civille J.C., K. Sayce, S.D. Smith and D.R. Strong. 2005. Reconstructinga century <strong>of</strong> Spartina invasion with historical recordsand contemporary remote sensing. Ecoscience 12: 330-338.Daehler, C.C. and D.R. Strong. 1994. Variable reproductive outputamong clones <strong>of</strong> Spartina alterniflora (Poaceae) invading SanFrancisco Bay, California: <strong>the</strong> influence <strong>of</strong> herbivory, pollination,and establishment site. 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