Environmental Problems, Their Causes, and Sustainability 1

2. Why is marine biodiversity higher (a) near coasts thanin the open sea and (b) on the ocean’s bottom than at itssurface?3. Why is it more difficult to identify and protect endangeredmarine species than to protect such species on land?4. List three methods for using the precautionary principleas a way to manage marine fisheries and help protectmarine biodiversity.5. Should fishers harvesting fish from a country’s publiclyowned waters be required to pay the government(taxpayers) fees for the fish they catch? Explain. If yourlivelihood depended on commercial fishing, would yoube for or against such fees?6. Are you for or against using Individual TransferQuotas (p. 265) as the major method for managing fisheries?Explain. What are the alternatives?7. Are you for or against using mitigation banking tohelp sustain wetlands? Explain. What restrictions, if any,would you put on such activities?8. Congratulations! You are in charge of protecting theworld’s aquatic biodiversity. List the three most importantpoints of your policy to accomplish this goal.PROJECTS1. Survey the condition of a nearby wetland, coastalarea, river, or stream. Has its condition improved ordeteriorated during the last 10 years? What local, state, ornational efforts are being used to protect this aquatic system?Develop a plan for protecting it.2. Work with your classmates to develop an experimentin aquatic reconciliation ecology for your campus or localcommunity.3. Use the library or the Internet to find bibliographic informationabout G. Carleton Ray and Anne Platt McGinn,whose quotes appear at the beginning and end of thischapter.4. Make a concept map of this chapter’s major ideas, usingthe section heads, subheads, and key terms (in boldface).Look on the website for this book about how toprepare concept maps.LEARNING ONLINEThe website for this book contains study aids and manyideas for further reading and research. They include achapter summary, review questions for the entire chapter,flash cards for key terms and concepts, a multiple-choicepractice quiz, interesting Internet sites, references, and aguide for accessing thousands of InfoTrac ® College Editionarticles. Log on tohttp://biology.brookscole.com/miller14Then click on the Chapter-by-Chapter area, choose Chapter13, and select a learning resource.272 CHAPTER 13 Sustaining Aquatic Biodiversity