Carlisle District Local Plan.indd - Carlisle City Council

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Carlisle District Local Plan 2001 - 2016 Revised Redeposit draftin accommodating necessary change without sacrificing local character. It can also help toensure that development respects or enhances the distinctive character of the land and thebuilt environment. Detailed descriptions of the different landscape types within the CountyLandscapes (ridge and valley, main valleys and open moorlands) are contained withinTechnical Paper 5 of the Structure Plan - Landscape Character.2.62 Small scale development such as rural diversification schemes, local industry and housingto accommodate the social and economic needs of local communities will generally beacceptable within areas designated as County Landscapes. Such development shouldbe located within or immediately adjacent to settlements, farmsteads or other groups ofbuildings, and should not detract from the distinctive character of the landscapes.2.63 There are four areas of County Landscape within Carlisle District, within which there are sixlandscape types as follows:1. The Eden Gorge is a strong linear landscape feature. The river is predominantly borderedby broadleaved woodland, and in places cuts through a steep sandstone gorge. This areais particularly important for its wildlife significance, and together with its tributaries, hasbeen designated as a SSSI by English Nature. The river valley is partly bordered to thewest by the Carlisle to Settle railway line which is designated as a conservation area.2. The area to the north west and west of the North Pennines AONB is important for itshistoric character and variety of attractive features. It has a rolling topography withprominent knolls and ridges, especially around Brampton, and a number of significantwoodlands. There is also an important area of parkland at Great Corby which is on theRegister of Historic Parks and Gardens compiled by English Heritage.3. To the north of the North Pennines AONB is an area of foothills consisting of high, rollingfarmland, with a general feeling of remoteness. Much of this landscape is open in natureand where field boundaries exist, they are generally poor hedgerows or stone walls. Thereare a number of conifer plantations, the most northerly of which (Denton Fell), togetherwith the surrounding area, has the nature of a high plateau with impressive views over theIrthing Valley.4. The Irthing Valley and Hadrian’s Wall run parallel to one another. The internationalsignificance of Hadrian’s Wall and its setting is recognised by its designation as a WorldHeritage Site. The Wall follows a prominent ridge running westwards from Birdoswaldto Banks, from which there are fine views over the Irthing Valley to the North Pennines.West of Banks the valley widens out and the landscape has a softer appearance with oldtrees, woodland and hedgerows more frequent than walls. The River Irthing flows throughdeep wooded valleys and gorges. Agricultural land on either side is grazed and partlyimproved, and field boundaries mainly consist of stone walls.5. The central area of the Bewcastle Fells is an open landscape rising to 500m OD in theeast. The landscape here ranges from undulating improved pasture to unimproved andunfenced moorland, and generates a feeling of remoteness. Some of the more shelteredvalleys host deciduous woodland. Historical features are present around Bewcastle.6. Part of the north western boundary of the District between Kershopefoot and Longtownforms an attractive valley through which the Liddel runs. Extensive areas of coniferplantation on both sides define the edge of the valley, whilst lower down is mostly roughgrazing with scattered cottages and irregular fields. The river itself runs through a rockygorge frequently bordered by woodland.28 September 2006
Carlisle District Local Plan 2001 - 2016 Revised Redeposit draftChapter 3: Core Development PoliciesPOLICY CP1 Landscape Character/BiodiversityProposals for development in the rural area must seek to conserve and enhance thespecial features and diversity of the different landscape character areas. Such proposalsshould not harm the integrity of the biodiversity resource as judged by key natureconservation principles, and proposals should seek to conserve and enhance thebiodiversity value of areas which they affect.3.1 Some of Carlisle’s countryside is covered by AONB or County Landscape designations.However, the majority of the rural area is not covered by any designation. This policyapplies to those areas. The Rural White Paper in 1995 set out the Government’s objectivesfor enhancing the wider countryside by conserving its natural assets and maintaining itsdiversity of character. The Countryside Agency’s Countryside Character Programme built onthis theme and provided a comprehensive and consistent analysis of the character of theEnglish Countryside.3.2 Throughout the district there are many sites which support important habitats for a varietyof species of plants and animals. Landscape features of major importance for supportingbiodiversity are estuary, sand-dune, lowland raised mires, basin mires, unimproved wetgrasslands and flushes, upland calcereous grassland, blanket bog, heathland, species richhay meadows, woodlands, tarns, river corridors, hedgerows, walls and green lanes. Whilstmany of these will already be covered by specific designations, there will be others thatare not. The features will be retained, managed and enhanced wherever possible throughplanning conditions and obligations, and management agreements as appropriate.3.3 Key nature conservation principles that will be applied in site protection planning policieswill include:• affording the highest level of protection and management to those resources whichare important and which are irreplaceable within the lifetime of the plan;• recognising the UK Biodiversity Action Plan, local Biodiversity Action Plans, regionalbiodiversity targets set out in RPG13 and other associated initiatives definingimportant habitats and species and associated targets;• recognising the need to return damaged key biodiversity resources (habitats andspecies) to viable levels through appropriate measures;• protecting the nature conservation resource by ensuring that there is no net loss in thevalue of other biodiversity resources in the Plan area;• allowing for the effects of climate change on vulnerable habitats and species.3.4 Additionally consideration will be given to the impact of proposals on a set of targets andindicators for biodiversity/sustainability objectives as prepared by the North West BiodiversityForum. This forum comprises a partnership of statutory authorities, agencies and thevoluntary sector, whose recommendations are set within national biodiversity policies thathave the status of Government Policy.3.5 The landscape of Carlisle District is predominantly rural in character and the CarlisleUrban Fringe Landscape Study sets out the quality and diversity of the different landscapeSeptember 2006 29
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