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BHa = tetrahyrobiopterin, FAD = flavin adenosine dinucleotideA FMN = flavin mononucleotide, H2O =
water, L-NAME= = No-nitroarginine methyl ester, L-NMMA = N"-mono-methyl-L-arginine, L-NOARG =
No-nitroarginine NADPH = nicotinamide adenosine nucleotide phosphate, NO = nitric oxide, NO2- =
nitrite, NOi = nitrate NO synthase = nitric oxide synthase, Oe = oXYgell, ONOO'= peroxynitrate,
Taken from Barnes PJ, Belvisi MG. Nitric oxide and lung disease. Thorax 1993; 48: 1034-1043
(Barnes and Belvisi 1993).
Table 3.2: Reactions with nitric oxide
Once NO is formed, there are a number of possible pathways of reactions(Nathan 1992; Stamler,
Jaraki et al. 1992; Stamler, Simon et al. 1992; Henry, Lepoivre et al. 1993; Anggard 1994; Gaston,
Drazen et al. 1994; Vallance and Collier 1994; Eiserich, Patel et al. 1998):
1. Redox reactions in the presence of Oz:
(a) To create reactive nitrogen species
(b) To create superoxides:
+ nitrate (NOz-)
2. (a) Reactions with transition metals: cobalt (Co)
--+ nitrate (NOg-)
+ nitrous acid (HNO2)
+ nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
+ perioxynitrite ONOO-
+ p€roxlnitrous acid (ONOOH)
(both strong oxidising agents)
copper (Cu)
iron (Fe)
manganese (Mn)
zinc (Zn)
(b) Reactions with haem and nonhaem metalloproteins:
ascorbate oxidase
catalase
ceruloplasmin
cytochrome c
haemoglobin
lipo-oxgenase
myoglobin
succinate dehydrogenase
tyronase
3. (a) Interactions with nitrogen thiols and amines:
-+ nitrosothiols
+ nitrosamines
--+ sulphur thiols
(b) lnteractions with sulphur:
4. Reactions with amino acid
5. Reactions with liPids
'These compounds are more often designated as Nw than NG and the former is used in the text but the latter was
used in this diagram.
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