Catalog of species-group names of Recent and fossil Scaphopoda ...

Species-group names of Scaphopoda (Mollusca)APPENDIX 1Rectification of nomenclature. Renaming of homonyms.In the course of preparing this catalog, we identifieda significant number of junior homonyms.Since the majority of scaphopod species wereoriginally described in the genus Dentalium, it isnot surprising that the same species nameshould be used twice, or even more often, forthis genus. Pilsbry & Sharp (1897-1898)renamed numerous homonyms, except for severalthat they considered to be nomina dubia orotherwise invalid (e.g., “The name is preoccupied;but as this is probably not a valid species itneed not be renamed”, Pilsbry & Sharp 1898:310).Subsequently, Emerson (1954) renamed 12 juniorhomonyms, and Palmer (1974b) renamed11 junior homonyms. These authors tartly notedthat nearly all of these homonyms “could havebeen avoided” if the authors had taken the timeto consult Pilsbry & Sharp (1897-1898) beforedescribing their new species.We have uncovered an additional 29 juniorhomonyms, 13 of which are listed below and areherein renamed. Full bibliographic data for eachspecies is given in the main catalog. There are 11taxa that we have not renamed, although ICZN(1999) article 60.1 requires replacement namesfor junior homonyms that do not have an “availableand potentially valid synonym”. If either thesenior or the junior homonym is a dubiousspecies due to the lack of type material, localitydata, or proper descriptions, or if a junior synonymis available, we avoided introducing newnames for probably invalid taxa. For each of thesejunior homonyms we justified our decisions inthe main catalog: Dentalium attenuatumSowerby, 1860 non Say, 1824; Dentalium ovaleCooke, 1928 non “Malm.”; Dentalium dentalisvar. aequicostata Foresti, 1895 non Dentaliumaequicostatum Koenen, 1892; Dentalium angulatumVinassa de Regny, 1897 non Buckman inMurchison, 1845; Dentalium annulatumCristofori & Jan, 1832 non Gmelin, 1791; Dentaliumbrevifissum Galeotti, 1837 non Deshayes,1825; Dentalium calabrum Crema, 1910 nonO. G. Costa, 1851; Dentalium conicum Seguenza,1876 non Hutton, 1873; Dentalium decemcostatumQuaas, 1902 non Brazier, 1877; Dentalium(Fustiaria) geinitzi Koenen, 1892 non Böhm,1885; Dentalium(?) giganteum Zenker, 1836 nonPhillips, 1829; Dentalium inaequicostatumDautzenberg, 1891 non Seguenza, 1879;Dentalium (Fustiaria) inversum Cossmann, 1915non Deshayes, 1825; Dentalium octogonumRayneval, Hecke & Ponzi, 1854 non Lamarck,1818; Dentalium (Entalina) mediocarinatapliocenica Koperberg, 1931 non Sacco, 1897;Dentalium rugosum Eichwald, 1857 non Dunker,1849.Furthermore, this list of renamed homonymsdoes not include the numerous subspecific-ranknames of Sacco (1897) and Locard, who repeatedlyused the same name below the species level.Should a subsequent researcher recognize one ofSacco’s or Locard’s junior homonyms as beingvalid, it can then be renamed.Further, to the best of our knowledge, only oneof these junior homonyms, Antalis inaequicostata(Dautzenberg, 1891) can be preserved pursuantto ICZN (1999) article 23.9.1, which allows forhomonyms that have been widely used in the literatureto be preserved if the senior name has notbeen used since 1899.Where possible, we contacted the authors of thespecies taxa that are junior homonyms, i.e.Rodolfo Brunet, Maria del Carmen Perrilliat andVictor Scarabino, to ascertain whether theywould prefer to rename their own homonyms.Drs Perrilliat and Scarabino kindly consented toour renaming their homonyms; no reply wasreceived from Mr Brunet, despite severalinquiries.Dentalium (Graptacme) acuticostatum Plate, 1908anon Dentalium acuticostata Deshayes, 1825. Hereinrenamed Graptacme acutistriata Steiner & Kabat,2004.ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)709