Catalog of species-group names of Recent and fossil Scaphopoda ...

Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.species. The entries are alphabetically ordered bytheir original binomen following the scheme:species, original genus Author, year: page. Stratigraphyof type locality. Type locality [translatedinto English and/or modern equivalent as needed].Depository of type material. Synonymy.Current taxonomic status (reference if differentfrom original combination). Geographic distribution.Bathymetric range. Remarks.Names of valid Recent species are in boldface.Names of the 816 valid fossil species-groupnames are preceded by a dagger (†) symbol. Thesynonymies given are based upon publisheddeterminations. Where contradictory opinionshave been published, one is given preference andthe alternative is noted in the Remarks.Synonymies, current status and distribution aregiven only for a few fossil taxa. Synonymies donot include misidentifications, as their completelisting is beyond the scope of this paper. We havenot attempted to resolve all transfers of syntypesand paratypes subsequent to the original descriptions,a problem caused by the fact that suchtypes were sometimes split off from the originallots long after the original descriptions (especiallyat the museums of the United States of America);thus, types are often located in depositories notcited in the original publication. Additionalinformation such as modern locality names,depths in m, references cited by Linnaeus andGmelin, etc., is given in square brackets. Boss(1988) provided full references for the oftencrypticabbreviations used by Linnaeus (1758,1767) and many of those used by Gmelin(1791). Current generic assignments are tentativefor many species due to the lack of anatomicaldata needed to distinguish certain genera.The generic assignments of Recent species thathave not been recently studied were based uponthe generic diagnoses in Scarabino (1995). Informationon bathymetric ranges can be problematic,since published records do not alwaysdifferentiate between live-collected specimensand empty shells, the latter of which can betransported to deeper depths before beingdredged. Hence, researchers interested in determiningthe bathymetric range for a given speciesare advised to examine the relevant specimens inmuseum collections to ascertain their taphonomicstatus.For the sake of completeness, we have includedincorrect subsequent spellings in this catalog.They refer to the corresponding valid name.Although these are not available names (ICZN1999: article 33.3), their inclusion herein willreadily allow future generations of researcherswho find these names in the older literature todetermine their status from this catalog.Table 1 lists the abbreviations of type specimendepositories taken from Kabat & Boss (1992:188-232), with some additions. The currentdepositories of type material were, in some cases,difficult to determine. Information was obtainedfrom the original descriptions, from catalogs oftype specimens, on-line searches in museumdatabases, correspondence with curators, andfrom visits to The Natural History Museum(London), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle(Paris), and the National Museum of NaturalHistory (Washington, D.C.). The most importantlists of types of Recent scaphopod species,among others listed by Kabat & Boss (1992: 243;1997: 354), are Turner (1955), Palmer (1958),Dance (1967), Zeidler & Macphail (1978), Giles& Gosliner (1983), Oliver (1984), Scott et al.(1990), Spamer & Bogan (1992), Wallin (1992),Kilias (1995), and Boyko & Sage (1996). Otherimportant sources of information on types offossil scaphopod species are Newton (1891),Beecher (1900), Maury (1917), Rossi Ronchetti(1955), Flügel (1959), Ludbrook (1959), Brann& Kent (1960), Hanzawa et al. (1961), Keyes(1972), Ferrero Mortara et al. (1984), and White(1998). It was not always possible to obtain informationon the current status of type material (i.e.if a lectotype had been designated) for severaltaxa. If the original publication and any relevantsubsequent publications, or correspondence withmuseum curators, did not yield information onthe status of type specimens, then the entry reads“Type material in [museum]” without greaterspecificity Due to the relocation and re-catalogingof the Mollusca collection in the NationalMuseum of Natural History (Washington,554ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)