Steiner G. & Kabat A. R.1701601501401301201101009080706050403020100<strong>Recent</strong>Fossil17016015014013012011010090807060504030201001750-17591760-17691770-17791780-17891790-17991800-18091810-18191820-18291830-18391840-18491850-18591860-18691870-18791880-18891890-18991900-19091910-19191920-19291930-19391940-19491950-19591960-19691970-19791980-19891990-19992000-2004FIG. 1. — Number <strong>of</strong> <strong>species</strong>-<strong>group</strong> <strong>names</strong> introduced per decade for <strong>fossil</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Recent</strong> taxa. The period from 2000 to 2004 includesthe <strong>names</strong> introduced herein.monographs <strong>of</strong> Scarabino (1995) <strong>and</strong> Lamprell& Healy (1998). With increased sampling activitiesin the tropical Indo-Pacific region, the level<strong>of</strong> descriptions <strong>of</strong> new <strong>species</strong> will likely be sustainedin the first decade <strong>of</strong> this century. So far,in the period from 2000 to 2004, 18 new <strong>names</strong>were published, including those introduced inthe present paper.The present contribution to scaphopod taxonomyis not intended as a global revision but constitutesa documentation <strong>of</strong> the status quo. Toobtain an accurate estimate <strong>of</strong> the total number<strong>of</strong> valid <strong>species</strong> <strong>and</strong> the number <strong>of</strong> <strong>species</strong> in eachgenus, it became necessary to include eighthitherto unpublished synonyms <strong>and</strong> eightnew combinations. These include several byB. Métivier (in litt.) <strong>and</strong> V. Scarabino (in litt.).The appendices <strong>of</strong> the catalog summarize the rectifications<strong>of</strong> nomenclature with the renamedhomonyms (Appendix 1) <strong>and</strong> the arguments fornew synonymies <strong>and</strong> new generic combinations(Appendix 2). The listing <strong>of</strong> valid <strong>Recent</strong> <strong>species</strong>for each genus (Appendix 3) is updated fromSteiner & Kabat (2001). Finally, Appendix 4 liststhe presumably valid <strong>fossil</strong> taxa by their stratigraphicage.This catalog is the most complete publishedcompilation <strong>of</strong> <strong>species</strong>-level <strong>names</strong> in the class<strong>Scaphopoda</strong>. However, we recognize that, giventhe abundance <strong>of</strong> this class in the <strong>Recent</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>fossil</strong>marine fauna, <strong>and</strong> the proliferation <strong>of</strong> publicationsthat have been overlooked by recorders, itis not possible for this catalog to be 100%complete. In particular, we suspect that there arevalid <strong>names</strong> described by Chinese <strong>and</strong> Russianpaleontologists that we have not found (<strong>and</strong> arenot recorded in the Zoological Record), becausewe did not have the time to search through all therelevant publications listed in the RussianReferativnii Zhurnal or the Chinese GushengwuxueWenzhai [Paleontological Abstracts] (seealso Bouchet & Rocroi 1992, 1993). For thatreason, we do not intend that the present catalogbe considered for inclusion in a “List <strong>of</strong> AvailableNames in Zoology” pursuant to ICZN (1999)article 79.556ZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)
Species-<strong>group</strong> <strong>names</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Scaphopoda</strong> (Mollusca)LIST OF SPECIES-GROUP NAMESabbreviatum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825. Not ascaphopod. See Other taxa described as <strong>Scaphopoda</strong>.aberrans, Cadulus Whiteaves, 1887: 124, fig. 2.<strong>Recent</strong>. Dawson stn No. 20, Forward Inlet,Quatsino Sound, north-west coast <strong>of</strong> VancouverIsl<strong>and</strong> [British Columbia, Canada], 10-20 fms [18-37 m]. Syntypes NMC 555 (5). Junior synonyms:C. hepburni Dall, 1897; C. fusiformis Pilsbry &Sharp, 1898; C. nitentior Arnold, 1903 (fideShimek 1989: 234, 235). Gadila aberrans(Whiteaves, 1887) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1898:193). Eastern Pacific: Alaska to SouthernCalifornia. 7-365 m. Remarks: Shimek (1989: 235)erroneously designated USNM 133809 as a “lectotype<strong>of</strong> C. aberrans”. Emerson in Turgeon (1998:55) places this in Cadulus.abruptoinflatus, Cadulus (Gadila) Boissevain, 1906:75, pl. 6, fig. 65, text-fig. 39. <strong>Recent</strong>. Madura Strait[Indonesia], Siboga stn 5, 7°46’S, 114°30.5’E,330 m. Holotype ZMA 3.06.106. Gadila abruptoinflata(Boissevain, 1906) (fide Scarabino 1995:364). Indo-Pacific: Indonesia. 330 m.† abruptus, Cadulus Meyer & Aldrich, 1886: 40, pl. 2,fig. 2. Oligocene. Newton <strong>and</strong> Wautubbee,Mississippi, USA. Syntypes USNM Paleobiology638725, 638726. Dischides abruptus Meyer &Aldrich, 1886 (fide Palmer & Brann 1965: 360,361). Remark: Aldrich (1895: 4) <strong>and</strong> Pilsbry &Sharp (1898: 235) as a probable junior synonym <strong>of</strong>Cadulus subcoarctuatus (Gabb, 1860).† absconditum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1861: 212, 213,pl. 1, figs 15-17. Eocene. Paris Basin (Parnes,Chaumont, Saint-Félix <strong>and</strong> Mouchy), France.Antalis abscondita (Deshayes, 1861) (fide Le Renard1995: 175; Le Renard & Pacaud 1995: 85).abyssicola, Helonyx subfusiformis var. Monterosato,1875: 20, 21. <strong>Recent</strong>. Palermo [Sicily], 210 m.Type material not located. Junior synonym <strong>of</strong>Cadulus jeffreysi (Monterosato, 1875) (fide Pilsbry& Sharp 1898: 163). Remark: Monterosato (1878:77) elevated this to a full <strong>species</strong>, but subsequently(1880: 65) treated this as a junior synonym <strong>of</strong>Helonyx subfusiformis (M. Sars, 1865).abyssorum, Dentalium M. Sars, 1859: 52. <strong>Recent</strong>.Norwegian coast. Type material not located. Juniorsynonym <strong>of</strong> Antalis occidentalis (Stimpson, 1851)(fide Thorson & Spärck 1939: 2).† acicula, Fustiaria (Episiphon) Hodgkinson, 1974:22, 23, text-figs 7c-e, 8i-k; pl. 3, figs 2-6, 8, pl. 7,fig. 3, pl. 8, figs 3, 5a, b. Middle Eocene,Claibornian Stage, Cook Mountain Formation,Wheelock Member. Little Brazos Bluff, BrazosRiver Valley, Brazos County, Texas, USA.Holotype USNM Paleobiology 180456; paratypesUSNM Paleobiology 180451-180455, 180479,PRI 29230, ANSP 31508 (all from Scott’s localityMS-2-N, Little Brazos River).aciculatum, Dentalium Hall, 1860. Not a scaphopod.See Other taxa described as <strong>Scaphopoda</strong>.aciculum, Dentalium Gould, 1859: 165. <strong>Recent</strong>.Coast <strong>of</strong> China, 23°50’N, 25 fms [45 m]. LectotypeUSNM 24149 (designated by Johnson 1964: 36, as“holotype”); paralectotypes ANSP 35539 (1), MCZ169034 (ex NYSM 145) (1), MCZ 216577 (1).Junior synonym: Dentalium luchuanum Dall, 1926(fide Habe 1964: 24). Dentalium aciculum Gould,1859. Indo-Pacific: China, Japan, PhilippineIsl<strong>and</strong>s, Indonesia, eastern Australia. 5-1000 m.Remark: Pilsbry & Sharp (1897: 93) placed this<strong>species</strong> in Graptacme, but V. Scarabino (in litt.5.XI.2001) has determined that this is correctlyplaced in Dentalium.aciculum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1861: 202, 203, pl. 1,figs 31, 32. Eocene. Paris Basin (Grignon <strong>and</strong>Montmirel), France. Junior homonym <strong>of</strong>Dentalium aciculum Gould, 1859. Replacementname: Dentalium acre Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry &Sharp, 1898.acompsus, Cadulus (Polyschides) quadridentatusHenderson, 1920: 100, 101, pl. 17, fig. 4. <strong>Recent</strong>.Monkey River, British Honduras [Belize].Holotype ANSP 76557; paratypes ANSP 390502,USNM 314939 (not located). Junior synonym <strong>of</strong>Polyschides tetraschistus (Watson, 1879) (fideScarabino 1980: 11).† acre, Dentalium Sharp & Pilsbry in Pilsbry & Sharp,1898: 197. Eocene. Paris Basin (Grignon <strong>and</strong>Montmirel), France. Replacement name forDentalium aciculum Deshayes, 1861, a junior homonym<strong>of</strong> Dentalium aciculum Gould, 1859.† acriculum, Entalis Tate, 1887: 192, pl. 20, fig. 11.Lower Miocene. Muddy Creek, Victoria, Australia.Holotype <strong>and</strong> 8 paratypes SAM T 251. Junior synonym:Dentalium lacteolum Tate, 1899 (fideLudbrook 1959: 144). Dentalium (Laevidentalium)acriculum (Tate, 1887) (fide Ludbrook 1959: 144,145, pl. 1, fig. 2).actiniophorum, Fissidentalium Shimek, 1997: 181-190, figs 1-6. <strong>Recent</strong>. Pulse Project, stn 1809 M,34°44’N, 123°12’W, 4100-4134 m <strong>of</strong>f SouthernCalifornia. Holotype LACM 2792; paratypesLACM 2793, LACM 2809-2811, USNM 886326,BMNH 1996120-21. Fissidentalium actiniophorumShimek, 1997. Eastern Pacific: California.4100-4134 m.aculeatum, Dentalium Sowerby, 1860: 100, pl. 225,fig. 63. <strong>Recent</strong>. No information on type locality,type material <strong>and</strong> distribution. Antalis aculeata(Sowerby, 1860) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp 1897: 61).† acumen, Entalis“?” de Koninck, 1883: 216, pl. 49,fig. 22. Carboniferous. Visé, Belgium. Dentaliumacumen (de Koninck, 1883) (fide Pilsbry & Sharp1898: 229).acuminatum, Dentalium Deshayes, 1825: 369, pl. 17,figs 19, 20. Eocene. Parnes <strong>and</strong> Mouchy-le-Châtel,Paris Basin, France. Junior synonym <strong>of</strong> DentaliumZOOSYSTEMA • 2004 • 26 (4)557
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