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It should be noted that when who is used with the verb to be, or with verbs in thePassive Voice, the subjective case must usually be used, since such verbs cannot takean object.e.g. Who i? it?Who was the fastest runner?Who will be there?Who has been elected?The first three examples above illustrate the use of who with the verb to be. Thefourth example illustrates the use of who with a verb in the Passive Voice.ii. WhomIn formal English, when the pronoun who is the object of a verb or the object of apreposition, the objective form whom must be used.e.g. Whom did you see downtown?To whom did you send the invitations?In the first example, whom is the object of the verb see. In the second example, whomis the object of the preposition to.In informal English, the form who is often used for the objective as well as for thesubjective case. For instance, in informal English, the preceding examples might beexpressed Who did you see downtown? and Who did you send the invitations to?However, this use of who is considered to be grammatically incorrect in formal English.See Exercise 7.iii. WhoseThe form whose can be used either as a possessive adjective followed by a noun, or asa possessive pronoun.e.g. Whose books are these?Whose are these?In the first example, whose is used as a possessive adjective, followed by the nounbooks. In the second example, whose is used as a possessive pronoun.The possessive form whose expresses the idea of belonging to. For instance, the ideaexpressed in the sentence: Whose books are these? could also be expressed by thesentence: To whom do these books belong?See Exercise 8.c. What and WhichWhat and which can be used either as interrogative pronouns, or as interrogativeadjectives followed by nouns.e.g. What is that?Which is his sister?What time is it?Which woman is his sister?In the first two examples, what and which are used as interrogative pronouns. In thelast two examples, what and which are used as interrogative adjectives preceding thenouns time and woman.