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2. The taxes in Singapore are lower than Canada.3. The invention of the clarinet occurred more recently than the flute.4. The speed li mit in residential areas is lower than uninhabited areas.5. The grammar of English is simpler than Arabic.6. The climate of California is somewhat similar to Greece.7. The boiling point of oil is higher than water.8. The geometry of a pentagon is more complex than a square.9. The density of water is greater than ice.10. The location of the li brary is more convenient than the post office.Answers15. Simplify each of the following sentences by using that or those to replace the nounor phrase which is repeated in the second part of the comparison. For example:The song of the chickadee is more melodious than the song of the nuthatch.The song of the chickadee is more melodious than that of the nuthatch.The landforms of eastern Canada are similar to the landforms of Finland.The landforms of eastern Canada are similar to those of Finland.1. The cuisine of France is more famous than the cuisine of England.2. The fruits of the tropics are more varied than the fruits of temperate regions.3. The growth form of the strawberry differs from the growth form of the raspberry.4. The freezing point of salt water is lower than the freezing point of fresh water.5. The traditions of Austria are as fascinating as the traditions of Greece.6. The nutritional value of whole grain flour is greater than the nutritional value ofrefined flour.7. The mountains of Nepal are higher than the mountains of Europe.8. The teaching methods of today differ from the teaching methods of one hundredyears ago.9. The tone of an old violin is often more beautiful than the tone of a new violin.10. The flowers of alpine pastures are more colorful than the flowers of the lowlands.AnswersANSWERS TO THE EXERCISES for Chapter 23Answers to Exercise 1 :1. more resilient 2. more excited 3. more diligent 4. more experienced 5. more difficult6. more interesti ngAnswers to Exercise 2:1. harder 2. more beautiful 3. more expensive 4. newer 5. more refreshing 6. bigger 7.better 8. more delicate 9. tidier 10. more accurateAnswers to Exercise 3:1. Terry is a better cook than I am. 2. That is a more complex question than yourealize. 3. My puppy has bigger feet than yours does. 4. It was a more difficult decisionthan you might think. 5. That is a sandier part of the beach than this is. 6. He runs amore successful business than his father did. 7. Cliff has a worse temper than hisbrother does. 8. This rose bush has smaller flowers than that one does. 9. They own
more expensive bicycles than we do. 10. Robin proved to be a more courageous leaderthan anyone had expected. 11. The school has a larger auditorium than the city librarydoes. 12. That car has a more efficient engine than this one does.Answers to Exercise 4:1. The rain became heavier and heavier. 2. The crowd grew more and moreenthusiastic. 3. We became more and more uneasy. 4. Manufacturing companies werebecoming larger and larger. 5. The weather grew worse and worse. 6. The compilationof accurate statistics is becoming more and more necessary. 7. Methods of diagnosis arebecoming more and more accurate. 8. Their contribution to the project became moreand more important. 9. Standards are becoming higher and higher. 10. They becamemore and more optimistic.Answers to Exercise 5:1. The issue is less important than I thought. 2. The train is less punctual than it used tobe. 3. The spoons are less valuable than the candlesticks. 4. Nora is less excited thanKaren is. 5. The bus is less crowded than the subway. 6. This movie is less entertainingthan the one we saw last night.Answers to Exercise 6:1. The wind grew less and less fierce. 2. The tune became less and less recognizable. 3.Word processors are becoming less and less expensive. 4. The rainbow grew less andless bright. 5. The children became less and less alert. 6. The service became less andless convenient.Answers to Exercise 7:1. most intelligent 2. luckiest 3. best 4. most valuable 5. hottest 6. newest 7. mostentertaining 8. bravest 9. driest 10. most talented 11. most direct 12. oldestAnswers to Exercise 8:1. many 2. Little 3. Few 4. much 5. few 6. Much 7. Many 8. fewer 9. Little 10. Few 11.fewest 12. Little 13. less 14. much 15. least 16. manyAnswers to Exercise 9:1. Penny has three times as much money as Alex. 2. Chris has half as many books asTerry. 3. Penny has twice as many books as Lisa. 4. Debbie has four times as muchmoney as Ti m. 5. Tim has half as much money as Alex. 6. Penny has one· quarter asmany books as Tim. 7. Terry has twice as much money as Helen. 8. Terry has eighttimes as many books as Helen. 9. Tim has three times as many books as Chris. 10. Pennyhas six times as much money as Tim.Answers to Exercise 10:1. She reads more books than I do. 2. They have had less success than you have. 3. Webought more rice than flour. 4. We had fewer accidents than we had expected. 5. Theproposal has more advantages than disadvantages. 6. She uses more honey than sugar.7. We eat less cheese than meat. 8. They entertain fewer visitors than we do. 9. He canspeak more languages than anyone else I know. 10. They have fewer customers thanthey would like. 11. The project will take more time than you think. 12. This stoverequires less fuel than one would expect.
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English GrammarENGLISH GRAMMAR: EXP
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a. Questionsb. Negative statementsc
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a. The Simple Present indicativeb.
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5. The use of some and any6. The us
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3. Interrogative adverbsExercisesCH
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THE USES AND FORMATION OF THE ENGLI
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**** The other modal auxiliaries co
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she showit showwe showthey showshe
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Past PerfectI had beenyou had beenh
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we have been beingthey have been be
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hit hit hithold held heldhurt hurt
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It should be kept in mind that many
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subject you, whether you refers to
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They are awake.They are awake, aren
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12. not, you, late13. it, not, ?, i
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When a verb ends in y immediately p
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Auxiliaries are verbs which are com
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6. He ____ the office every day. (t
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ANSWERS TO THE EXERCISES for Chapte
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a. Verbs ending in a silent eWhen a
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When a verb of more than one syllab
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not is placed after the subject. Ho
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It _____. (to rain)It is raining.1.
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They are being cautious, aren't the
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2. Formation of the present perfect
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stress. In the following examples,
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tense is the same for an irregular
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The use of the Present Perfect Cont
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2. Rewrite the following sentences,
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1. We _______ lunch. (to eat)2. 1 _
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1. has apologized 2. have stirred 3
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was notwere notwasn'tweren'tIn orde
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See Exercise 5.In order to change a
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Were you not on ti me?Weren't you o
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contractions and the forms with con
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form, as well as other modal forms.
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tag questions are underlined. Contr
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In the preceding examples, the verb
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Emphatic statements are often used
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2. We ________ money. (to save)3. S
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4. ___ they ______ the letter? (to
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13. You did not ________ my letter.
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8. He was right. 9. She does unders
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will notwon'tThe contracted form of
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It should also be noted that the Pa
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they will have workedSee Exercise 9
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Tag questions are formed using the
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e.g. We will welcome him when he ar
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We will pass the exam.You _____ the
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9. Using either the auxiliary shall
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1. She_______________to help us. (t
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solved 9. shall have received or wi
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Negative Statement:Negative Questio
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They would not have worked.Negative
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The following table summarizes the
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3. I ________ everything carefully.
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7. He ___ not _______ it to your ol
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Would she have been preparing for t
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1. Would he have been listening to
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they werethey wereFor any verb, the
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we had workedthey had workedwe had
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In each of these examples, the use
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See Exercise 6.As well as being exp
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. Forms of the verb used in the sub
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6. The imperative moodThe Imperativ
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Does she wish it would snow?You wil
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___ shenot _____ if she had seen us
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emind)3. ___ I ____ earlier. I woul
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1. would, have begun 2. would, have
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See Exercise 1 .b. Negative stateme
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The most important meaning of can a
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5. ShouldIn British English, the Si
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For the Simple Present and the Simp
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Without Ellipsis: He wrote a letter
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8. We shall visit our friends.9. Sh
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7. Had a flying saucer landed on th
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8. They could help us.9. I won the
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He is not angry, and neither are we
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1. Yes, we do. 2. Yes, they may. 3.
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See Exercise 2.b. To Raise and To R
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She said something to her teacher.T
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Now they _____ the table.Now they a
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Answers to Exercise 1 :1. birds 2.
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they have beenPresent Perfect Conti
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Simple FutureFuture Continuous··F
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Perfect, with would I would have sh
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A similar example is:Active: The po
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or improbable conditions.e.g. I wis
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Was he not being flown to Boston?Pa
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4. It is crucial that we ______ of
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2. Countable nounsCountable nouns a
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c. Plurals of proper nounsProper no
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used for scientific purposes, form
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2. The train has left.3. The bird w
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The reef attracts tourists.The reef
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opened. 7. The newspapers are read
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a long u, since these words are pro
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a. Referring to something mentioned
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I had never visited Seretnay Park b
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A musician must practise a great de
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UseA weakened form of OneNaming a p
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a pair of pliersa pair of scissorsW
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6. Fill in each blank with the or l
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1. Schooners are ships. 2. Mallards
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eferred to have not been mentioned
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This afternoon we baked two cakes.I
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In the first example, the skiing co
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1. __2. __3. __4. __air is made up
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6. You should practise _____ the sp
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that the house belongs to the Smith
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e.g. Our vice· president and treas
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2. the policemen's warning3. the di
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16. Either plates or saucers ___ su
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Third Person he, she, it theyThus,
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In the first example, they stands f
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When a personal pronoun is the subj
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The tree has lost two of its branch
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which agrees with singular antecede
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2. My father told my uncle the stor
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1. She helped us.2. He asked them t
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10. You and I are good friends, ___
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Although they do not know it yet, t
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1. Your 2. Their 3. His 4. My 5. He
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Case Case Adjective Pronoun Pronoun
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4. Interrogative pronounsInterrogat
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When used as adjectives or as inter
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verb or preposition, or modifies th
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You asked which boy did it.She want
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pronoun, which can refer to either
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antecedents. When used as a relativ
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Is this ready?Are these ready?This
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3. is at the door?4. ____ was award
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11. Using the introductory phrase W
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12. The townspeople, ____ pride in
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Please tell me whose house they vis
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most plural eN most trees nearly al
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few plural eN few of the trees a sm
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A sentence which contains the word
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e.g. We each have our own ideas.In
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e.g. I bought no potatoes.We will c
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The only trees were somewhat damage
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described in the main clauseSheThe
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All of the dogs pricked up their ea
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16. Some books are missing.17. I ha
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ANSWERS TO THE EXERCISES for Chapte
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EnglandFranceChinaEnglishFrenchChin
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In a somewhat similar way, the dete
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e.g. clear, cold watercold, hard ic
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material is used as a type of defin
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following adjective unpredictable t
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However, when a defining adjective
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adjectives are usually separated fr
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4. Interpolated adjectivesAs well a
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Page 314 and 315: Answers5. Place the adjectives give
Page 316 and 317: At one end of the large old rectang
Page 318 and 319: 7. the performers (ready)8. the cli
Page 320 and 321: Incorrect: Following in his footste
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Page 328 and 329: latelaterWhen an adjective ends in
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Page 334 and 335: In this example, Alan is being comp
Page 336 and 337: 1. We are as proud as ______. (they
Page 338 and 339: 7. Sara and Barbara (age)8. Sara an
Page 340 and 341: 9. The ______ temperature on record
Page 342 and 343: Rupert is as able an administrator
Page 344 and 345: and a few other two· syllableadjec
Page 346 and 347: For adjectives which form the compa
Page 348 and 349: with plural countable nouns, and li
Page 350 and 351: Yesterday he drankThe game requires
Page 352 and 353: e.g. Her bicycleThe resultHis timet
Page 354 and 355: example, those is used to replace t
Page 356 and 357: Answers6. Rewrite each of the follo
Page 358 and 359: 1. Penny and Alex (money)2. Chris a
Page 362 and 363: Answers to Exercise 11:1. We had mo
Page 364 and 365: athersotooveryIn addition, the word
Page 366 and 367: It should be noted that the adverbs
Page 368 and 369: Adverb phrases and clauses of manne
Page 370 and 371: He left his bicycle in the driveway
Page 372 and 373: word, in clauses indicating the exi
Page 374 and 375: Scarcely had we left the house, whe
Page 376 and 377: 11. They follow the news. (rarely)1
Page 378 and 379: 11. She went. (by bus, downtown, to
Page 380 and 381: Tell me where you have been.Where h
Page 382 and 383: 1. He needs no advice. or He does n
Page 384 and 385: v. Adjectives ending in yWhen the a
Page 386 and 387: uglyWhen it is desired to use one o
Page 388 and 389: However, there are several verbs wh
Page 390 and 391: littlemuchwelllessmorebetterleastmo
Page 392 and 393: We visited them less and less frequ
Page 394 and 395: 14. She was signaling ______. (fran
Page 396 and 397: We tasted the soup ______. (suspici
Page 398 and 399: The more you study, the ___ you wil
Page 400 and 401: In the first example, the noun corn
Page 402 and 403: 1. Lower than; under: below freezin
Page 404 and 405: Of1. Location: east of here; the mi
Page 406 and 407: Underneath1. Below, under: undernea
Page 408 and 409: y degrees: graduallyperform by ear:
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(opposite of in theory)in print: (o
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on time: at the correct timewalk on
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Againsttake precautions againstForh
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Betweentorn betweenByaccompanied by
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5. Verbs followed by prepositionsTh
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agree withcollaborate withcommunica
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are quite intelligent.11. Since he
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14. Are you aware ___ the risks inv
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to run intoto put offto look up tot
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prey on : hunt and eat; disturbprov
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The following are examples of phras
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The following are examples of trans
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think up: inventtrack down: search
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The following are examples of expre
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followed by a preposition, and a ph
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frown ongrow onhinge onlive onpick
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pass around: distributeshow around:
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a. Expressions in which the verb ha
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2. He usually sleeps after lunch. (
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1. The car slipped off the road . _
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11. The problem urgently requires a
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He neither finished his homework no
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1. later in time: After the train l
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in spite of thisat the time whenin
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accordingly: soalso: in additionbes
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pairs given in brackets. For exampl
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10. Her eyes shone ______ stars. (a
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Answers8. The following sentences a
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Adjectives, comparative form follow
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Apostrophe, use ofappearAppositiona
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consequently, used as connecting ad
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from, used after certain verbsfrom,
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Inverted word order, used with verb
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near and nearlynear, use ofNegative
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Participles, danglingParticiples us
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Pronouns, reflexivePronouns, relati
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Spelling rules for adding ed to for
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thisthosethouthough, used as subord
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we'rewe'vewell, use ofwerewere, use
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