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11. The problem urgently requires a solution. (adds up to, cries out for)12. She always defends her friends. (holds out for, sticks up for)AnswersANSWERS TO THE EXERCISES for Chapter 27Answers to Exercise 1 :1. She takes after her mother. 2. We waded through the report. 3. I will stick to what Isaid before. 4. We will call for a review of the situation. 5. His parents frown on hisparticipating in so many extracurricular activities. 6. Without hesitating, she launchedinto her speech. 7. I am counting on your support. 8. He will look after everything. 9.What do these initials stand for? 10. All of our plans hinge on the availability oftransportation.Answers to Exercise 2:1. We are counting on them. 2. Will you stick to iF 3. She takes after her. 4. No one hastampered with them. 5. Yesterday I ran into him. 6. They saw through i!. 7. He cutacross it. 8. I confided in her.- -Answers to Exercise 3:1. He dealt confidently with every objection to his plan. 2. She sided unhesitatinglywith her friend. 3. We cut quickly across the lawn. 4. Since we were very hungry, wesettled uncomplainingly for bread and potatoes. 5. I leafed rapidly through thematerial. 6. They watched patiently over the children. 7. You cannot survive solely ontea and biscuits. 8. We entered eagerly into the discussion.Answers to Exercise 4:1. I hope she shows up soon. 2. He usually nods off after lunch. 3. We saw the planetouch down. 4. I told her to watch out. 5. Someone should step in before the situationgets worse. 6. They waited until the train pu lled out. 7. Don"t let them get away. 8. Wewere worried when she passed out. 9. The barometric pressure has leveled off. 10. Ihope you will all pi tch in.Answers to Exercise 5:1. He brough t up a difficult question. 2. She is good at sizing up people. 3. We shouldplay down the dangers of the situation. 4. I am giving back the raincoat I borrowed. 5.The wine has been watered down. 6. I want to sort out my photographs. 7. We talkedover the situation. 8. May I try out your bicycle? 9. You can pi ck up the tickets at thebox office. 10. I rubbed out the notes in the margins of the book. 11. Do you think theymade up the whole story? 12. She summed up what we had learned so far.Answers to Exercise 6:1. We ironed them out. 2. She called her up. 3. We sent i! back. 4. He sent them out. 5.I gave it away. 6. She brought him along. 7. We wrote i! down. 8. She let them in. 9. Heturned i! over. 10. We emptied them out.Answers to Exercise 7:1. what: I turned i! off. 2. where: She walked into it. 3. where: He climbed up it. 4.
what: They sent it in. 5. where: Children should not play on i!. 6. what: We set themoff. 7. what: Please put it on. 8. where: We turned off i!. 9. what: I cut i! up. 10.where: The plane flew over i!. 11. where: She lived down it. 12. what: Please pass i!on. 13. what: He put it down. 14. where: They work in i!. 15. where: The ball rolleddown it. 16. what: We handed it over. 17. where: He walked off it. 18. what: She- -- - - --turned i! down. 19. where: They sat on it. 20. what: I wound it up.Answers to Exercise 8:1. where: The car slipped suddenly off the road. 2. what: We wearily lifted up thebuckets. 3. where: The cable cars moved slowly up the hill. 4. what: She carefully letdown the dress. 5. where: The book had been placed neatly on the table. 6. where: Hewas leaning idly against the wall. 7. what: She methodically filed away the newmaterial. 8. what: We hastily shut off the power. 9. what: They sadly closed up thecottage. 10. where: The swallows flew swiftly over our house.Answers to Exercise 9:1. What ti me did you get .!dQ.? 2. What are you looking at? 3. The following idea has beenput forward. 4. Which group did you come with? 5. What are they searching for? 6. Is hemoving away? 7. What kind of music do you like to listen to? 8. When did you get back?9. How did he find out? 10. When you look at this picture, what are you reminded of?11. Which diving board did she jump from? 12. Why did you jump back?Answers to Exercise 10:1. Let us look into it. 2. Who brought it up? 3. Remember to rub them out. 4. Perhapswe can reason with him. 5. They had to turn them away. 6. We have scaled i! down. 7.She looked after her. 8. Remember to stick to it. 9. Did you give it back? 10. How didyou dispose of them? 11. We confided in her. 12. Have you figured it out?Answers to Exercise 11:1. I know I can count on them. 2. They put it off. 3. I stumbled across i!. 4. He is goodat putting them across. 5. We watched over them. 6. She hung around it. 7. 1 wouldlike to hand i! on. 8. She leafed through them. 9. I came across it. 10. Would you like tothink i! over? 11. Are you going to trade it in? 12. All our plans hinge on i!.Answers to Exercise 12:1. What does that add up to? 2. He is trying to make up for the time he lost. 3. I wantto carry on with my studies. 4. We want to zero in on new developments. 5. Do youthink you can catch up with the others? 6. We want to do away with the waiting period.7. The tenants had to put up with noisy conditions. 8. I came out in spots after walkingthrough a patch of poison ivy. 9. He looks up to his older brother. 10. You should cutback on the number of cigarettes you smoke per day. 11. The problem cries out for asolution. 12. She always sticks up for her friends.CHAPTER 28. CONJUNCTIONSA conjunction may be used to indicate the relationship between the ideas expressed ina clause and the ideas expressed in the rest of a sentence. The conjunctions in thefollowing examples are printed in bold type.e.g. We could go to the library, or we could go to the park.
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English GrammarENGLISH GRAMMAR: EXP
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a. Questionsb. Negative statementsc
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a. The Simple Present indicativeb.
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5. The use of some and any6. The us
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3. Interrogative adverbsExercisesCH
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THE USES AND FORMATION OF THE ENGLI
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**** The other modal auxiliaries co
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she showit showwe showthey showshe
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Past PerfectI had beenyou had beenh
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we have been beingthey have been be
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hit hit hithold held heldhurt hurt
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It should be kept in mind that many
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subject you, whether you refers to
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They are awake.They are awake, aren
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12. not, you, late13. it, not, ?, i
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When a verb ends in y immediately p
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Auxiliaries are verbs which are com
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6. He ____ the office every day. (t
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ANSWERS TO THE EXERCISES for Chapte
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a. Verbs ending in a silent eWhen a
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When a verb of more than one syllab
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not is placed after the subject. Ho
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It _____. (to rain)It is raining.1.
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They are being cautious, aren't the
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2. Formation of the present perfect
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stress. In the following examples,
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tense is the same for an irregular
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The use of the Present Perfect Cont
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2. Rewrite the following sentences,
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1. We _______ lunch. (to eat)2. 1 _
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1. has apologized 2. have stirred 3
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was notwere notwasn'tweren'tIn orde
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See Exercise 5.In order to change a
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Were you not on ti me?Weren't you o
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contractions and the forms with con
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form, as well as other modal forms.
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tag questions are underlined. Contr
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In the preceding examples, the verb
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Emphatic statements are often used
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2. We ________ money. (to save)3. S
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4. ___ they ______ the letter? (to
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13. You did not ________ my letter.
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8. He was right. 9. She does unders
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will notwon'tThe contracted form of
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It should also be noted that the Pa
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they will have workedSee Exercise 9
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Tag questions are formed using the
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e.g. We will welcome him when he ar
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We will pass the exam.You _____ the
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9. Using either the auxiliary shall
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1. She_______________to help us. (t
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solved 9. shall have received or wi
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Negative Statement:Negative Questio
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They would not have worked.Negative
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The following table summarizes the
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3. I ________ everything carefully.
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7. He ___ not _______ it to your ol
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Would she have been preparing for t
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1. Would he have been listening to
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they werethey wereFor any verb, the
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we had workedthey had workedwe had
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In each of these examples, the use
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See Exercise 6.As well as being exp
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. Forms of the verb used in the sub
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6. The imperative moodThe Imperativ
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Does she wish it would snow?You wil
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___ shenot _____ if she had seen us
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emind)3. ___ I ____ earlier. I woul
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1. would, have begun 2. would, have
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See Exercise 1 .b. Negative stateme
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The most important meaning of can a
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5. ShouldIn British English, the Si
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For the Simple Present and the Simp
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Without Ellipsis: He wrote a letter
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8. We shall visit our friends.9. Sh
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7. Had a flying saucer landed on th
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8. They could help us.9. I won the
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He is not angry, and neither are we
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1. Yes, we do. 2. Yes, they may. 3.
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See Exercise 2.b. To Raise and To R
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She said something to her teacher.T
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Now they _____ the table.Now they a
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Answers to Exercise 1 :1. birds 2.
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they have beenPresent Perfect Conti
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Simple FutureFuture Continuous··F
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Perfect, with would I would have sh
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A similar example is:Active: The po
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or improbable conditions.e.g. I wis
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Was he not being flown to Boston?Pa
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4. It is crucial that we ______ of
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2. Countable nounsCountable nouns a
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c. Plurals of proper nounsProper no
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used for scientific purposes, form
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2. The train has left.3. The bird w
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The reef attracts tourists.The reef
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opened. 7. The newspapers are read
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a long u, since these words are pro
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a. Referring to something mentioned
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I had never visited Seretnay Park b
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A musician must practise a great de
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UseA weakened form of OneNaming a p
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a pair of pliersa pair of scissorsW
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6. Fill in each blank with the or l
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1. Schooners are ships. 2. Mallards
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eferred to have not been mentioned
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This afternoon we baked two cakes.I
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In the first example, the skiing co
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1. __2. __3. __4. __air is made up
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6. You should practise _____ the sp
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that the house belongs to the Smith
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e.g. Our vice· president and treas
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2. the policemen's warning3. the di
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16. Either plates or saucers ___ su
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Third Person he, she, it theyThus,
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In the first example, they stands f
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When a personal pronoun is the subj
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The tree has lost two of its branch
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which agrees with singular antecede
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2. My father told my uncle the stor
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1. She helped us.2. He asked them t
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10. You and I are good friends, ___
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Although they do not know it yet, t
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1. Your 2. Their 3. His 4. My 5. He
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Case Case Adjective Pronoun Pronoun
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4. Interrogative pronounsInterrogat
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When used as adjectives or as inter
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verb or preposition, or modifies th
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You asked which boy did it.She want
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pronoun, which can refer to either
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antecedents. When used as a relativ
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Is this ready?Are these ready?This
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3. is at the door?4. ____ was award
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11. Using the introductory phrase W
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12. The townspeople, ____ pride in
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Please tell me whose house they vis
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most plural eN most trees nearly al
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few plural eN few of the trees a sm
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A sentence which contains the word
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e.g. We each have our own ideas.In
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e.g. I bought no potatoes.We will c
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The only trees were somewhat damage
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described in the main clauseSheThe
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All of the dogs pricked up their ea
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16. Some books are missing.17. I ha
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ANSWERS TO THE EXERCISES for Chapte
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EnglandFranceChinaEnglishFrenchChin
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In a somewhat similar way, the dete
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e.g. clear, cold watercold, hard ic
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material is used as a type of defin
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following adjective unpredictable t
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However, when a defining adjective
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adjectives are usually separated fr
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4. Interpolated adjectivesAs well a
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Disconcerted by the news, we headed
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In the first example, will be close
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Answers5. Place the adjectives give
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At one end of the large old rectang
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7. the performers (ready)8. the cli
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Incorrect: Following in his footste
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flower pot 12. a warm, damp white f
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as a predicate adjective, preceded
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e.g. He is as tall as his brother.I
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latelaterWhen an adjective ends in
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KateSteelHeisishasaaabraverstronger
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two consonants (other than y)y prec
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In this example, Alan is being comp
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1. We are as proud as ______. (they
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7. Sara and Barbara (age)8. Sara an
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9. The ______ temperature on record
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Rupert is as able an administrator
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and a few other two· syllableadjec
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For adjectives which form the compa
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with plural countable nouns, and li
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Yesterday he drankThe game requires
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e.g. Her bicycleThe resultHis timet
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example, those is used to replace t
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Answers6. Rewrite each of the follo
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1. Penny and Alex (money)2. Chris a
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2. The taxes in Singapore are lower
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Answers to Exercise 11:1. We had mo
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athersotooveryIn addition, the word
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It should be noted that the adverbs
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Adverb phrases and clauses of manne
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He left his bicycle in the driveway
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word, in clauses indicating the exi
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Scarcely had we left the house, whe
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11. They follow the news. (rarely)1
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11. She went. (by bus, downtown, to
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Tell me where you have been.Where h
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1. He needs no advice. or He does n
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v. Adjectives ending in yWhen the a
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uglyWhen it is desired to use one o
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However, there are several verbs wh
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littlemuchwelllessmorebetterleastmo
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We visited them less and less frequ
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14. She was signaling ______. (fran
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We tasted the soup ______. (suspici
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The more you study, the ___ you wil
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Page 402 and 403: 1. Lower than; under: below freezin
Page 404 and 405: Of1. Location: east of here; the mi
Page 406 and 407: Underneath1. Below, under: undernea
Page 408 and 409: y degrees: graduallyperform by ear:
Page 410 and 411: (opposite of in theory)in print: (o
Page 412 and 413: on time: at the correct timewalk on
Page 414 and 415: Againsttake precautions againstForh
Page 416 and 417: Betweentorn betweenByaccompanied by
Page 418 and 419: 5. Verbs followed by prepositionsTh
Page 420 and 421: agree withcollaborate withcommunica
Page 422 and 423: are quite intelligent.11. Since he
Page 424 and 425: 14. Are you aware ___ the risks inv
Page 426 and 427: to run intoto put offto look up tot
Page 428 and 429: prey on : hunt and eat; disturbprov
Page 430 and 431: The following are examples of phras
Page 432 and 433: The following are examples of trans
Page 434 and 435: think up: inventtrack down: search
Page 436 and 437: The following are examples of expre
Page 438 and 439: followed by a preposition, and a ph
Page 440 and 441: frown ongrow onhinge onlive onpick
Page 442 and 443: pass around: distributeshow around:
Page 444 and 445: a. Expressions in which the verb ha
Page 446 and 447: 2. He usually sleeps after lunch. (
Page 448 and 449: 1. The car slipped off the road . _
Page 452 and 453: He neither finished his homework no
Page 454 and 455: 1. later in time: After the train l
Page 456 and 457: in spite of thisat the time whenin
Page 458 and 459: accordingly: soalso: in additionbes
Page 460 and 461: pairs given in brackets. For exampl
Page 462 and 463: 10. Her eyes shone ______ stars. (a
Page 464 and 465: Answers8. The following sentences a
Page 466 and 467: Adjectives, comparative form follow
Page 468 and 469: Apostrophe, use ofappearAppositiona
Page 470 and 471: consequently, used as connecting ad
Page 472 and 473: from, used after certain verbsfrom,
Page 474 and 475: Inverted word order, used with verb
Page 476 and 477: near and nearlynear, use ofNegative
Page 478 and 479: Participles, danglingParticiples us
Page 480 and 481: Pronouns, reflexivePronouns, relati
Page 482 and 483: Spelling rules for adding ed to for
Page 484 and 485: thisthosethouthough, used as subord
Page 486 and 487: we'rewe'vewell, use ofwerewere, use
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