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example, those is used to replace the phrase the vowel sounds. The form those mustbe used, since the noun sounds is plural.EXERCISES for Chapter 231. For each of the following sentences, fill in the blank with the comparative form ofthe adjective indicated in brackets. For example:They are _____ than they used to be. (careful)They are more careful than they used to be.1. Wool is _______ than cotton. (resilient)2. He is _______ than I had expected. (excited)3. She is a _______ scholar than her sister is. (diligent)4. Bev is a ________ engineer than Pat. (experienced)5. Russian is a _______ language to learn than English is. (difficult)6. This book is _______ than that one. (interesting)Answers2. Paying attention to which adjectives form the comparative with the adverb more andwhich form the comparative with the ending er, fill in the blanks with the comparativeforms of the adjectives indicated in brackets. For example:The clothes are __than I had expected. (dry)The clothes are drier than I had expected.Walter Scott is _____ than Walter Brooks. (famous)Walter Scott is more famous than Walter Brooks.1. The pears are ________ than the plums. (hard)2. The roses are _______ than the nasturtiums. (beautiful)3. The tomatoes are _______ than the apples. (expensive)4. My bicycle is _______ than yours. (new)5. Cold lemonade is _______ than water. (refreshing)6. The front yard is _______ than the back yard. (big)7. This map is _______ than that one. (good)8. Spinach is _______ than Swiss chard. (delicate)9. His room is _______ than yours. (tidy)10. Her report is _______ than ours. (accurate)Answers3. Paying attention to which adjectives form the comparative with the adverb more andwhich form the comparative with the ending er, rewrite the following sentences ascomparisons, in the manner indicated by the examples. Use the words given in bracketsas the second parts of the comparisons. For example:Collies have long hair. (dalmations do)Collies have longer hair than dalmations do.He is an experienced architect. (we thought)He is a more experienced architect than we thought.1. Terry is a good cook. (I am)
2. That is a complex question. (you realize)3. My puppy has big feet. (yours does)4. It was a difficult decision. (you might think)5. That is a sandy part of the beach. (this is)6. He runs a successful business. (his father did)7. Cliff has a bad temper. (his brother does)8. This rose bush has small flowers. (that one does)9. They own expensive bicycles. (we do)10. Robin proved to be a courageous leader. (anyone had expected)11. The school has a large auditorium. (the city library does)12. That car has an efficient engine. (this one does)Answers4. Paying attention to which adjectives form the comparative with the ending er andwhich form the comparative with the adverb more, rewrite each of the followingsentences, using the construction in which the word more or the comparative form ofthe adjective is repeated. For example:The water grew increasingly warm.The water grew warmer and warmer.I became increasingly impatient.I became more and more impatient.1. The rain became increasingly heavy.2. The crowd grew increasingly enthusiastic.3. We became increasingly uneasy.4. Manufacturing companies were becoming increasingly large.5. The weather grew increasingly bad.6. The compilation of accurate statistics is becoming increasingly necessary.7. Methods of diagnosis are becoming increasingly accurate.8. Their contribution to the project became increasingly important.9. Standards are becoming increasingly high.10. They became increasingly optimistic.Answers5. Rewrite each of the following sentences as comparisons, using the form of theadjective with less and the word than. For each sentence, use the words given inbrackets as the second part of the comparison. For example:The plot of the movie was predictable. (we expected)The plot of the movie was less predictable than we expected.The second explanation was confusing. (the first)The second explanation was less confusing than the first.1. The issue is important. (I thought)2. The train is punctual. (it used to be)3. The spoons are valuable. (the candlesticks)4. Nora is excited. (Karen is)5. The bus is crowded. (the subway)6. This movie is entertaining. (the one we saw last night)
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English GrammarENGLISH GRAMMAR: EXP
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a. Questionsb. Negative statementsc
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a. The Simple Present indicativeb.
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5. The use of some and any6. The us
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3. Interrogative adverbsExercisesCH
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THE USES AND FORMATION OF THE ENGLI
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**** The other modal auxiliaries co
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she showit showwe showthey showshe
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Past PerfectI had beenyou had beenh
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we have been beingthey have been be
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hit hit hithold held heldhurt hurt
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It should be kept in mind that many
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subject you, whether you refers to
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They are awake.They are awake, aren
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12. not, you, late13. it, not, ?, i
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When a verb ends in y immediately p
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Auxiliaries are verbs which are com
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6. He ____ the office every day. (t
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ANSWERS TO THE EXERCISES for Chapte
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a. Verbs ending in a silent eWhen a
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When a verb of more than one syllab
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not is placed after the subject. Ho
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It _____. (to rain)It is raining.1.
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They are being cautious, aren't the
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2. Formation of the present perfect
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stress. In the following examples,
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tense is the same for an irregular
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The use of the Present Perfect Cont
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2. Rewrite the following sentences,
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1. We _______ lunch. (to eat)2. 1 _
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1. has apologized 2. have stirred 3
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was notwere notwasn'tweren'tIn orde
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See Exercise 5.In order to change a
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Were you not on ti me?Weren't you o
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contractions and the forms with con
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form, as well as other modal forms.
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tag questions are underlined. Contr
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In the preceding examples, the verb
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Emphatic statements are often used
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2. We ________ money. (to save)3. S
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4. ___ they ______ the letter? (to
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13. You did not ________ my letter.
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8. He was right. 9. She does unders
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will notwon'tThe contracted form of
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It should also be noted that the Pa
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they will have workedSee Exercise 9
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Tag questions are formed using the
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e.g. We will welcome him when he ar
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We will pass the exam.You _____ the
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9. Using either the auxiliary shall
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1. She_______________to help us. (t
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solved 9. shall have received or wi
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Negative Statement:Negative Questio
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They would not have worked.Negative
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The following table summarizes the
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3. I ________ everything carefully.
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7. He ___ not _______ it to your ol
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Would she have been preparing for t
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1. Would he have been listening to
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they werethey wereFor any verb, the
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we had workedthey had workedwe had
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In each of these examples, the use
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See Exercise 6.As well as being exp
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. Forms of the verb used in the sub
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6. The imperative moodThe Imperativ
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Does she wish it would snow?You wil
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___ shenot _____ if she had seen us
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emind)3. ___ I ____ earlier. I woul
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1. would, have begun 2. would, have
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See Exercise 1 .b. Negative stateme
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The most important meaning of can a
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5. ShouldIn British English, the Si
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For the Simple Present and the Simp
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Without Ellipsis: He wrote a letter
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8. We shall visit our friends.9. Sh
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7. Had a flying saucer landed on th
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8. They could help us.9. I won the
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He is not angry, and neither are we
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1. Yes, we do. 2. Yes, they may. 3.
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See Exercise 2.b. To Raise and To R
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She said something to her teacher.T
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Now they _____ the table.Now they a
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Answers to Exercise 1 :1. birds 2.
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they have beenPresent Perfect Conti
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Simple FutureFuture Continuous··F
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Perfect, with would I would have sh
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A similar example is:Active: The po
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or improbable conditions.e.g. I wis
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Was he not being flown to Boston?Pa
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4. It is crucial that we ______ of
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2. Countable nounsCountable nouns a
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c. Plurals of proper nounsProper no
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used for scientific purposes, form
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2. The train has left.3. The bird w
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The reef attracts tourists.The reef
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opened. 7. The newspapers are read
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a long u, since these words are pro
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a. Referring to something mentioned
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I had never visited Seretnay Park b
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A musician must practise a great de
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UseA weakened form of OneNaming a p
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a pair of pliersa pair of scissorsW
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6. Fill in each blank with the or l
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1. Schooners are ships. 2. Mallards
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eferred to have not been mentioned
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This afternoon we baked two cakes.I
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In the first example, the skiing co
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1. __2. __3. __4. __air is made up
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6. You should practise _____ the sp
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that the house belongs to the Smith
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e.g. Our vice· president and treas
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2. the policemen's warning3. the di
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16. Either plates or saucers ___ su
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Third Person he, she, it theyThus,
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In the first example, they stands f
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When a personal pronoun is the subj
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The tree has lost two of its branch
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which agrees with singular antecede
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2. My father told my uncle the stor
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1. She helped us.2. He asked them t
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10. You and I are good friends, ___
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Although they do not know it yet, t
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1. Your 2. Their 3. His 4. My 5. He
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Case Case Adjective Pronoun Pronoun
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4. Interrogative pronounsInterrogat
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When used as adjectives or as inter
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verb or preposition, or modifies th
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You asked which boy did it.She want
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pronoun, which can refer to either
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antecedents. When used as a relativ
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Is this ready?Are these ready?This
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3. is at the door?4. ____ was award
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11. Using the introductory phrase W
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12. The townspeople, ____ pride in
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Please tell me whose house they vis
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most plural eN most trees nearly al
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few plural eN few of the trees a sm
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A sentence which contains the word
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e.g. We each have our own ideas.In
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e.g. I bought no potatoes.We will c
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The only trees were somewhat damage
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described in the main clauseSheThe
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All of the dogs pricked up their ea
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16. Some books are missing.17. I ha
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ANSWERS TO THE EXERCISES for Chapte
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EnglandFranceChinaEnglishFrenchChin
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In a somewhat similar way, the dete
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e.g. clear, cold watercold, hard ic
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material is used as a type of defin
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following adjective unpredictable t
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Page 306 and 307: adjectives are usually separated fr
Page 308 and 309: 4. Interpolated adjectivesAs well a
Page 310 and 311: Disconcerted by the news, we headed
Page 312 and 313: In the first example, will be close
Page 314 and 315: Answers5. Place the adjectives give
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Page 318 and 319: 7. the performers (ready)8. the cli
Page 320 and 321: Incorrect: Following in his footste
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Page 328 and 329: latelaterWhen an adjective ends in
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Page 334 and 335: In this example, Alan is being comp
Page 336 and 337: 1. We are as proud as ______. (they
Page 338 and 339: 7. Sara and Barbara (age)8. Sara an
Page 340 and 341: 9. The ______ temperature on record
Page 342 and 343: Rupert is as able an administrator
Page 344 and 345: and a few other two· syllableadjec
Page 346 and 347: For adjectives which form the compa
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Page 350 and 351: Yesterday he drankThe game requires
Page 352 and 353: e.g. Her bicycleThe resultHis timet
Page 356 and 357: Answers6. Rewrite each of the follo
Page 358 and 359: 1. Penny and Alex (money)2. Chris a
Page 360 and 361: 2. The taxes in Singapore are lower
Page 362 and 363: Answers to Exercise 11:1. We had mo
Page 364 and 365: athersotooveryIn addition, the word
Page 366 and 367: It should be noted that the adverbs
Page 368 and 369: Adverb phrases and clauses of manne
Page 370 and 371: He left his bicycle in the driveway
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Page 374 and 375: Scarcely had we left the house, whe
Page 376 and 377: 11. They follow the news. (rarely)1
Page 378 and 379: 11. She went. (by bus, downtown, to
Page 380 and 381: Tell me where you have been.Where h
Page 382 and 383: 1. He needs no advice. or He does n
Page 384 and 385: v. Adjectives ending in yWhen the a
Page 386 and 387: uglyWhen it is desired to use one o
Page 388 and 389: However, there are several verbs wh
Page 390 and 391: littlemuchwelllessmorebetterleastmo
Page 392 and 393: We visited them less and less frequ
Page 394 and 395: 14. She was signaling ______. (fran
Page 396 and 397: We tasted the soup ______. (suspici
Page 398 and 399: The more you study, the ___ you wil
Page 400 and 401: In the first example, the noun corn
Page 402 and 403: 1. Lower than; under: below freezin
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Of1. Location: east of here; the mi
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Underneath1. Below, under: undernea
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y degrees: graduallyperform by ear:
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(opposite of in theory)in print: (o
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on time: at the correct timewalk on
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Againsttake precautions againstForh
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Betweentorn betweenByaccompanied by
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5. Verbs followed by prepositionsTh
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agree withcollaborate withcommunica
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are quite intelligent.11. Since he
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14. Are you aware ___ the risks inv
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to run intoto put offto look up tot
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prey on : hunt and eat; disturbprov
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The following are examples of phras
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The following are examples of trans
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think up: inventtrack down: search
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The following are examples of expre
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followed by a preposition, and a ph
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frown ongrow onhinge onlive onpick
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pass around: distributeshow around:
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a. Expressions in which the verb ha
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2. He usually sleeps after lunch. (
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1. The car slipped off the road . _
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11. The problem urgently requires a
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He neither finished his homework no
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1. later in time: After the train l
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in spite of thisat the time whenin
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accordingly: soalso: in additionbes
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pairs given in brackets. For exampl
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10. Her eyes shone ______ stars. (a
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Answers8. The following sentences a
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Adjectives, comparative form follow
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Apostrophe, use ofappearAppositiona
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consequently, used as connecting ad
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from, used after certain verbsfrom,
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Inverted word order, used with verb
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near and nearlynear, use ofNegative
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Participles, danglingParticiples us
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Pronouns, reflexivePronouns, relati
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Spelling rules for adding ed to for
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thisthosethouthough, used as subord
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we'rewe'vewell, use ofwerewere, use
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