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not is placed after the subject. However, when contractions are used, the contractedform of not follows immediately after the auxiliary. Although there is no universallyaccepted contraction for am not, the expression aren't I? is often used in spokenEnglish. For example:Without ContractionsAm I not working?Are you not worki ng?Is he not working?Is she not working?Is it not working?Are we not worki ng?Are they not worki ng?With Contractions[Aren't I working?] . used in speaki ngAren't you worki ng?Isn't he working?Isn't she working?Isn't it working?Aren't we working?Aren't they working?See Exercise 7.d. Tag questionsTag questions are also formed using the auxiliary. In the followi ng examples, the tagquestions are underlined. In spoken English, aren't I? is often used as a tag question.For example:Affi rmative StatementI am working.You are working.He is working.She is working.It is working.We are working.They are working.Affi rmative Statement with Tag Qu estionI am working, am I not?You are working, aren't yo u?He is working, isn't he?She is working, isn't she?It is working, isn't it?We are worki ng, aren't we?They are worki ng, aren't they?See Exercise 8.5. Comparison of the uses of the simple present and present continuousAs pointed out in Chapter 1, the Simple Present tense may be used for stating generaltruths, and for referri ng to actions which occur at regular intervals. In the followingexamples, the verbs in the Simple Present tense are underlined.e.g. Nova Scotia is a Canadian province. Geese lli south every winter.In contrast, the Present Continuous tense is usually used to refer to ongoing actionshappening at the time of speaking or writing. In the following examples, the verbs inthe Present Continuous tense are underlined.e.g. Right now, I am visiting the provi nce of Nova Scotia. At the moment, a flock ofgeese is flyi ng overhead.EXERCISES for Chapter 3