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Whether1. if: I do not know whether she was invited.While1. at the time when: While it was snowing, we played cards.2. on the other hand: He is rich, while his friend is poor.3. although: While I am not an expert, I will do my best.In addition, the following phrases are often used at the beginning of subordinateclauses.As if1. in a similar way: She talks as if she knows everything.As long as1. if: As long as we cooperate, we can finish the work easily.2. while: He has lived there as long as I have known him.As soon as1. immediately when: Write to me as soon as you can.As though1. in a similar way: It looks as though there will be a storm.Even if1. in spite of a possibility: I am going out even if it rains.In case1. because of a possibility: Take a sweater in case it gets cold.Or else1. otherwise: Please be careful, or else you may have an accident.So as to1. in order to: I hurried so as to be on time.See Exercise 3.Certai n words, such as after, before, since and until may function either asprepositions or subordinate conjunctions. However it should be noted that in somecases different words must be used as prepositions and subordinate conjunctions, inorder to express similar meanings. This is illustrated in the table below.Differing Prepositions and ConjunctionsMeaningfor this reasonPrepositionbecause ofConjunctionbecause