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near and nearlynear, use ofNegative adverbsNegative adverbs, inverted word orderNegative questions, modal verbsNegative questions, passive voiceNegative questions, present continuous tenseNegative questions, present perfect tenseNegative questions, simple present of to beNegative questions, simple presentNegative statements, modal verbsNegative statements, passive voiceNegative statements, present continuous tenseNegative statements, present perfect tenseNegative statements, simple present of to beNegative statements, simple presentNegative tag questions, summaryneither ... norneither, used as determinerneither, used as determiner at beginning of clauseneither, used with singular verbneverthelessnevertheless, used as connecting adverbno sooner ... thanno, use ofNon·defining relative clausesnone, use ofnonenonetheless, used as connecting adverbnor, in compound subjectsnor, used as coordinate conj unctionnot as . . . asnot only ... but alsonot, use ofNouns, collectiveNouns, countableNoun, definition ofNouns ending in ch, s, sh, x or zNouns ending in for feNouns ending in 0Nouns ending in yNouns followed by descri ptive phrases, verb agreementNouns followed by prepositionsNouns, formation of pluralsNouns indicating possessionNouns, properNouns, uncountableNouns used only in the pluralNouns which can be either countable or uncountableNouns with irregular plurals
Numbers and letters, formation of pluraloObjective case, pronounsObjects, directObjects, indirectObject of a verbof, use ofof, used after certain adjectives and verbs in the passive voiceof, used after certain nounsof, used after certain verbsof, used in idiomsof, used to indicate possessionof, used with uncountable nounsoff, use ofoff, used as preposition or adverboff, used in idiomson, use ofon, used after certai n adjectives and verbs in the passive voiceon, used after certain nounson, used after certai n verbson, used as preposition or adverbon, used in idiomsone anotherone, used as indefinite pronounone, used in general statementsonly, use ofonto, use ofopposite, use ofor elseor, in compound subjectsor, used as coordinate conjunctionOrdinal adjectivesother, use ofothers, use ofotherwise, used as connecting adverboughtouroursourselvesout of, use ofout of, used in idiomsoutside, use ofover, use ofover, used after certain verbsover, used as preposition or adverbppair ofParallel construction
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English GrammarENGLISH GRAMMAR: EXP
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a. Questionsb. Negative statementsc
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a. The Simple Present indicativeb.
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5. The use of some and any6. The us
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3. Interrogative adverbsExercisesCH
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THE USES AND FORMATION OF THE ENGLI
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**** The other modal auxiliaries co
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she showit showwe showthey showshe
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Past PerfectI had beenyou had beenh
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we have been beingthey have been be
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hit hit hithold held heldhurt hurt
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It should be kept in mind that many
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subject you, whether you refers to
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They are awake.They are awake, aren
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12. not, you, late13. it, not, ?, i
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When a verb ends in y immediately p
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Auxiliaries are verbs which are com
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6. He ____ the office every day. (t
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ANSWERS TO THE EXERCISES for Chapte
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a. Verbs ending in a silent eWhen a
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When a verb of more than one syllab
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not is placed after the subject. Ho
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It _____. (to rain)It is raining.1.
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They are being cautious, aren't the
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2. Formation of the present perfect
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stress. In the following examples,
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tense is the same for an irregular
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The use of the Present Perfect Cont
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2. Rewrite the following sentences,
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1. We _______ lunch. (to eat)2. 1 _
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1. has apologized 2. have stirred 3
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was notwere notwasn'tweren'tIn orde
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See Exercise 5.In order to change a
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Were you not on ti me?Weren't you o
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contractions and the forms with con
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form, as well as other modal forms.
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tag questions are underlined. Contr
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In the preceding examples, the verb
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Emphatic statements are often used
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2. We ________ money. (to save)3. S
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4. ___ they ______ the letter? (to
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13. You did not ________ my letter.
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8. He was right. 9. She does unders
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will notwon'tThe contracted form of
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It should also be noted that the Pa
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they will have workedSee Exercise 9
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Tag questions are formed using the
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e.g. We will welcome him when he ar
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We will pass the exam.You _____ the
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9. Using either the auxiliary shall
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1. She_______________to help us. (t
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solved 9. shall have received or wi
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Negative Statement:Negative Questio
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They would not have worked.Negative
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The following table summarizes the
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3. I ________ everything carefully.
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7. He ___ not _______ it to your ol
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Would she have been preparing for t
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1. Would he have been listening to
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they werethey wereFor any verb, the
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we had workedthey had workedwe had
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In each of these examples, the use
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See Exercise 6.As well as being exp
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. Forms of the verb used in the sub
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6. The imperative moodThe Imperativ
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Does she wish it would snow?You wil
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___ shenot _____ if she had seen us
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emind)3. ___ I ____ earlier. I woul
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1. would, have begun 2. would, have
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See Exercise 1 .b. Negative stateme
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The most important meaning of can a
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5. ShouldIn British English, the Si
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For the Simple Present and the Simp
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Without Ellipsis: He wrote a letter
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8. We shall visit our friends.9. Sh
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7. Had a flying saucer landed on th
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8. They could help us.9. I won the
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He is not angry, and neither are we
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1. Yes, we do. 2. Yes, they may. 3.
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See Exercise 2.b. To Raise and To R
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She said something to her teacher.T
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Now they _____ the table.Now they a
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Answers to Exercise 1 :1. birds 2.
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they have beenPresent Perfect Conti
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Simple FutureFuture Continuous··F
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Perfect, with would I would have sh
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A similar example is:Active: The po
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or improbable conditions.e.g. I wis
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Was he not being flown to Boston?Pa
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4. It is crucial that we ______ of
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2. Countable nounsCountable nouns a
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c. Plurals of proper nounsProper no
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used for scientific purposes, form
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2. The train has left.3. The bird w
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The reef attracts tourists.The reef
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opened. 7. The newspapers are read
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a long u, since these words are pro
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a. Referring to something mentioned
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I had never visited Seretnay Park b
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A musician must practise a great de
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UseA weakened form of OneNaming a p
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a pair of pliersa pair of scissorsW
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6. Fill in each blank with the or l
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1. Schooners are ships. 2. Mallards
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eferred to have not been mentioned
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This afternoon we baked two cakes.I
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In the first example, the skiing co
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1. __2. __3. __4. __air is made up
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6. You should practise _____ the sp
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that the house belongs to the Smith
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e.g. Our vice· president and treas
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2. the policemen's warning3. the di
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16. Either plates or saucers ___ su
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Third Person he, she, it theyThus,
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In the first example, they stands f
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When a personal pronoun is the subj
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The tree has lost two of its branch
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which agrees with singular antecede
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2. My father told my uncle the stor
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1. She helped us.2. He asked them t
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10. You and I are good friends, ___
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Although they do not know it yet, t
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1. Your 2. Their 3. His 4. My 5. He
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Case Case Adjective Pronoun Pronoun
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4. Interrogative pronounsInterrogat
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When used as adjectives or as inter
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verb or preposition, or modifies th
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You asked which boy did it.She want
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pronoun, which can refer to either
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antecedents. When used as a relativ
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Is this ready?Are these ready?This
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3. is at the door?4. ____ was award
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11. Using the introductory phrase W
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12. The townspeople, ____ pride in
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Please tell me whose house they vis
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most plural eN most trees nearly al
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few plural eN few of the trees a sm
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A sentence which contains the word
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e.g. We each have our own ideas.In
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e.g. I bought no potatoes.We will c
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The only trees were somewhat damage
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described in the main clauseSheThe
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All of the dogs pricked up their ea
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16. Some books are missing.17. I ha
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ANSWERS TO THE EXERCISES for Chapte
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EnglandFranceChinaEnglishFrenchChin
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In a somewhat similar way, the dete
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e.g. clear, cold watercold, hard ic
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material is used as a type of defin
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following adjective unpredictable t
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However, when a defining adjective
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adjectives are usually separated fr
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4. Interpolated adjectivesAs well a
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Disconcerted by the news, we headed
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In the first example, will be close
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Answers5. Place the adjectives give
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At one end of the large old rectang
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7. the performers (ready)8. the cli
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Incorrect: Following in his footste
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flower pot 12. a warm, damp white f
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as a predicate adjective, preceded
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e.g. He is as tall as his brother.I
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latelaterWhen an adjective ends in
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KateSteelHeisishasaaabraverstronger
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two consonants (other than y)y prec
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In this example, Alan is being comp
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1. We are as proud as ______. (they
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7. Sara and Barbara (age)8. Sara an
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9. The ______ temperature on record
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Rupert is as able an administrator
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and a few other two· syllableadjec
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For adjectives which form the compa
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with plural countable nouns, and li
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Yesterday he drankThe game requires
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e.g. Her bicycleThe resultHis timet
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example, those is used to replace t
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Answers6. Rewrite each of the follo
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1. Penny and Alex (money)2. Chris a
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2. The taxes in Singapore are lower
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Answers to Exercise 11:1. We had mo
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athersotooveryIn addition, the word
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It should be noted that the adverbs
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Adverb phrases and clauses of manne
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He left his bicycle in the driveway
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word, in clauses indicating the exi
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Scarcely had we left the house, whe
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11. They follow the news. (rarely)1
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11. She went. (by bus, downtown, to
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Tell me where you have been.Where h
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1. He needs no advice. or He does n
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v. Adjectives ending in yWhen the a
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uglyWhen it is desired to use one o
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However, there are several verbs wh
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littlemuchwelllessmorebetterleastmo
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We visited them less and less frequ
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14. She was signaling ______. (fran
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We tasted the soup ______. (suspici
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The more you study, the ___ you wil
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In the first example, the noun corn
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1. Lower than; under: below freezin
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Of1. Location: east of here; the mi
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Underneath1. Below, under: undernea
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y degrees: graduallyperform by ear:
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(opposite of in theory)in print: (o
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on time: at the correct timewalk on
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Againsttake precautions againstForh
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Betweentorn betweenByaccompanied by
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5. Verbs followed by prepositionsTh
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agree withcollaborate withcommunica
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are quite intelligent.11. Since he
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14. Are you aware ___ the risks inv
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Page 428 and 429: prey on : hunt and eat; disturbprov
Page 430 and 431: The following are examples of phras
Page 432 and 433: The following are examples of trans
Page 434 and 435: think up: inventtrack down: search
Page 436 and 437: The following are examples of expre
Page 438 and 439: followed by a preposition, and a ph
Page 440 and 441: frown ongrow onhinge onlive onpick
Page 442 and 443: pass around: distributeshow around:
Page 444 and 445: a. Expressions in which the verb ha
Page 446 and 447: 2. He usually sleeps after lunch. (
Page 448 and 449: 1. The car slipped off the road . _
Page 450 and 451: 11. The problem urgently requires a
Page 452 and 453: He neither finished his homework no
Page 454 and 455: 1. later in time: After the train l
Page 456 and 457: in spite of thisat the time whenin
Page 458 and 459: accordingly: soalso: in additionbes
Page 460 and 461: pairs given in brackets. For exampl
Page 462 and 463: 10. Her eyes shone ______ stars. (a
Page 464 and 465: Answers8. The following sentences a
Page 466 and 467: Adjectives, comparative form follow
Page 468 and 469: Apostrophe, use ofappearAppositiona
Page 470 and 471: consequently, used as connecting ad
Page 472 and 473: from, used after certain verbsfrom,
Page 474 and 475: Inverted word order, used with verb
Page 478 and 479: Participles, danglingParticiples us
Page 480 and 481: Pronouns, reflexivePronouns, relati
Page 482 and 483: Spelling rules for adding ed to for
Page 484 and 485: thisthosethouthough, used as subord
Page 486 and 487: we'rewe'vewell, use ofwerewere, use
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