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It should also be noted that the Past Continuous tense of to go can be used to expressactions which were about to happen in the past.e.g. I was going to write a letter last night.In this example, the use of the Past Continuous of to go followed by the infinitive towrite indicates that the action of writing was intended to be carried out in the past.4. The future continuousa. UseThe Future Continuous tense is used to express continuous, ongoi ng actions which willtake place in the future. In the followi ng examples, the verbs in the Future Continuoustense are underlined.e.g. He will be waiting for us.They will be arriving tomorrow.b. FormationThe Future Continuous of any verb is formed from the Simple Future of the auxiliary tobe, followed by the present participle of the verb. For instance, the Future Continuousof the verb to work is conjugated as follows:I will (shall) be workingyou will be worki nghe will be workingshe wi II be worki ngit will be workingwe will (shall) be workingthey will be workingSee Exercise 6.It can be seen that the Future Continuous tense has two auxiliaries. The first auxiliary iswill or shall, and the second auxiliary is be.c. Questions and negative statementsAs is the case with other English tenses, questions and negative statements in theFuture Continuous are formed using the first auxiliary.Questions are formed by placing the first auxiliary before the subject. For example:Affi rmative StatementIt will be working.They will be working.Qu estionWill it be working?Will they be working?Negative statements are formed by placing the word not after the first auxiliary. Forexample:Affi rmative StatementNegative Statement
It will be working.They will be working.It will not be working.They will not be working.Negative questions are formed by placing the first auxiliary before the subject, and theword not after the subject. However, when contractions are used, the contracted formof not immediately follows the first auxiliary. For example:Without ContractionsWill it not be working?Will they not be working?With ContractionsWon't it be worki ng?Won't they be working?Tag questions are formed using the first auxiliary. In the following examples, thenegative tag questions are underlined. Contractions are usually used in negative tagquestions.Affi rmative StatementIt will be working.They will be working.Affi rmative Statement with Tag Qu estionIt will be working, won't it?They will be working, won't they?See Exercises 7 and 8.5. The future perfecta. UseThe Future Perfect tense is used to refer to a non·continuous action which will becompleted by a certain time in the future. In the following examples, the verbs in theFuture Perfect tense are underlined.e.g. She will have finished the work by Wednesday.I will have cleaned the room before the guests arrive.They will have eaten breakfast by the ti me he gets up.In these examples, the use of the Future Perfect indicates that the actions of finishingthe work, cleaning the room, and eating breakfast will have been completed before thecoming of Wednesday, the arrival of the guests, and his getting up take place.b. FormationThe Future Perfect of any verb is formed from the Simple Future of the auxiliary tohave, followed by the past participle of the verb. For instance, the Future Perfect ofthe verb to work is conjugated as follows:I will (shall) have workedyou will have workedhe wi II have workedshe will have workedit will have workedwe wi II (shall) have worked
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English GrammarENGLISH GRAMMAR: EXP
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a. Questionsb. Negative statementsc
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a. The Simple Present indicativeb.
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5. The use of some and any6. The us
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3. Interrogative adverbsExercisesCH
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THE USES AND FORMATION OF THE ENGLI
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**** The other modal auxiliaries co
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she showit showwe showthey showshe
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Past PerfectI had beenyou had beenh
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we have been beingthey have been be
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hit hit hithold held heldhurt hurt
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It should be kept in mind that many
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subject you, whether you refers to
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They are awake.They are awake, aren
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12. not, you, late13. it, not, ?, i
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When a verb ends in y immediately p
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Auxiliaries are verbs which are com
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6. He ____ the office every day. (t
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ANSWERS TO THE EXERCISES for Chapte
Page 42 and 43: a. Verbs ending in a silent eWhen a
Page 44 and 45: When a verb of more than one syllab
Page 46 and 47: not is placed after the subject. Ho
Page 48 and 49: It _____. (to rain)It is raining.1.
Page 50 and 51: They are being cautious, aren't the
Page 52 and 53: 2. Formation of the present perfect
Page 54 and 55: stress. In the following examples,
Page 56 and 57: tense is the same for an irregular
Page 58 and 59: The use of the Present Perfect Cont
Page 60 and 61: 2. Rewrite the following sentences,
Page 62 and 63: 1. We _______ lunch. (to eat)2. 1 _
Page 64 and 65: 1. has apologized 2. have stirred 3
Page 66 and 67: was notwere notwasn'tweren'tIn orde
Page 68 and 69: See Exercise 5.In order to change a
Page 70 and 71: Were you not on ti me?Weren't you o
Page 72 and 73: contractions and the forms with con
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Page 76 and 77: tag questions are underlined. Contr
Page 78 and 79: In the preceding examples, the verb
Page 80 and 81: Emphatic statements are often used
Page 82 and 83: 2. We ________ money. (to save)3. S
Page 84 and 85: 4. ___ they ______ the letter? (to
Page 86 and 87: 13. You did not ________ my letter.
Page 88 and 89: 8. He was right. 9. She does unders
Page 90 and 91: will notwon'tThe contracted form of
Page 94 and 95: they will have workedSee Exercise 9
Page 96 and 97: Tag questions are formed using the
Page 98 and 99: e.g. We will welcome him when he ar
Page 100 and 101: We will pass the exam.You _____ the
Page 102 and 103: 9. Using either the auxiliary shall
Page 104 and 105: 1. She_______________to help us. (t
Page 106 and 107: solved 9. shall have received or wi
Page 108 and 109: Negative Statement:Negative Questio
Page 110 and 111: They would not have worked.Negative
Page 112 and 113: The following table summarizes the
Page 114 and 115: 3. I ________ everything carefully.
Page 116 and 117: 7. He ___ not _______ it to your ol
Page 118 and 119: Would she have been preparing for t
Page 120 and 121: 1. Would he have been listening to
Page 122 and 123: they werethey wereFor any verb, the
Page 124 and 125: we had workedthey had workedwe had
Page 126 and 127: In each of these examples, the use
Page 128 and 129: See Exercise 6.As well as being exp
Page 130 and 131: . Forms of the verb used in the sub
Page 132 and 133: 6. The imperative moodThe Imperativ
Page 134 and 135: Does she wish it would snow?You wil
Page 136 and 137: ___ shenot _____ if she had seen us
Page 138 and 139: emind)3. ___ I ____ earlier. I woul
Page 140 and 141: 1. would, have begun 2. would, have
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See Exercise 1 .b. Negative stateme
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The most important meaning of can a
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5. ShouldIn British English, the Si
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For the Simple Present and the Simp
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Without Ellipsis: He wrote a letter
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8. We shall visit our friends.9. Sh
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7. Had a flying saucer landed on th
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8. They could help us.9. I won the
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He is not angry, and neither are we
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1. Yes, we do. 2. Yes, they may. 3.
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See Exercise 2.b. To Raise and To R
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She said something to her teacher.T
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Now they _____ the table.Now they a
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Answers to Exercise 1 :1. birds 2.
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they have beenPresent Perfect Conti
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Simple FutureFuture Continuous··F
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Perfect, with would I would have sh
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A similar example is:Active: The po
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or improbable conditions.e.g. I wis
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Was he not being flown to Boston?Pa
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4. It is crucial that we ______ of
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2. Countable nounsCountable nouns a
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c. Plurals of proper nounsProper no
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used for scientific purposes, form
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2. The train has left.3. The bird w
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The reef attracts tourists.The reef
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opened. 7. The newspapers are read
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a long u, since these words are pro
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a. Referring to something mentioned
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I had never visited Seretnay Park b
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A musician must practise a great de
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UseA weakened form of OneNaming a p
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a pair of pliersa pair of scissorsW
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6. Fill in each blank with the or l
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1. Schooners are ships. 2. Mallards
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eferred to have not been mentioned
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This afternoon we baked two cakes.I
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In the first example, the skiing co
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1. __2. __3. __4. __air is made up
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6. You should practise _____ the sp
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that the house belongs to the Smith
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e.g. Our vice· president and treas
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2. the policemen's warning3. the di
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16. Either plates or saucers ___ su
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Third Person he, she, it theyThus,
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In the first example, they stands f
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When a personal pronoun is the subj
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The tree has lost two of its branch
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which agrees with singular antecede
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2. My father told my uncle the stor
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1. She helped us.2. He asked them t
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10. You and I are good friends, ___
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Although they do not know it yet, t
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1. Your 2. Their 3. His 4. My 5. He
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Case Case Adjective Pronoun Pronoun
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4. Interrogative pronounsInterrogat
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When used as adjectives or as inter
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verb or preposition, or modifies th
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You asked which boy did it.She want
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pronoun, which can refer to either
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antecedents. When used as a relativ
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Is this ready?Are these ready?This
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3. is at the door?4. ____ was award
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11. Using the introductory phrase W
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12. The townspeople, ____ pride in
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Please tell me whose house they vis
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most plural eN most trees nearly al
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few plural eN few of the trees a sm
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A sentence which contains the word
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e.g. We each have our own ideas.In
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e.g. I bought no potatoes.We will c
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The only trees were somewhat damage
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described in the main clauseSheThe
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All of the dogs pricked up their ea
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16. Some books are missing.17. I ha
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ANSWERS TO THE EXERCISES for Chapte
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EnglandFranceChinaEnglishFrenchChin
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In a somewhat similar way, the dete
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e.g. clear, cold watercold, hard ic
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material is used as a type of defin
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following adjective unpredictable t
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However, when a defining adjective
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adjectives are usually separated fr
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4. Interpolated adjectivesAs well a
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Disconcerted by the news, we headed
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In the first example, will be close
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Answers5. Place the adjectives give
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At one end of the large old rectang
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7. the performers (ready)8. the cli
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Incorrect: Following in his footste
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flower pot 12. a warm, damp white f
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as a predicate adjective, preceded
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e.g. He is as tall as his brother.I
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latelaterWhen an adjective ends in
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KateSteelHeisishasaaabraverstronger
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two consonants (other than y)y prec
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In this example, Alan is being comp
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1. We are as proud as ______. (they
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7. Sara and Barbara (age)8. Sara an
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9. The ______ temperature on record
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Rupert is as able an administrator
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and a few other two· syllableadjec
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For adjectives which form the compa
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with plural countable nouns, and li
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Yesterday he drankThe game requires
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e.g. Her bicycleThe resultHis timet
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example, those is used to replace t
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Answers6. Rewrite each of the follo
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1. Penny and Alex (money)2. Chris a
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2. The taxes in Singapore are lower
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Answers to Exercise 11:1. We had mo
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athersotooveryIn addition, the word
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It should be noted that the adverbs
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Adverb phrases and clauses of manne
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He left his bicycle in the driveway
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word, in clauses indicating the exi
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Scarcely had we left the house, whe
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11. They follow the news. (rarely)1
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11. She went. (by bus, downtown, to
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Tell me where you have been.Where h
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1. He needs no advice. or He does n
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v. Adjectives ending in yWhen the a
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uglyWhen it is desired to use one o
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However, there are several verbs wh
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littlemuchwelllessmorebetterleastmo
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We visited them less and less frequ
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14. She was signaling ______. (fran
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We tasted the soup ______. (suspici
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The more you study, the ___ you wil
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In the first example, the noun corn
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1. Lower than; under: below freezin
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Of1. Location: east of here; the mi
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Underneath1. Below, under: undernea
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y degrees: graduallyperform by ear:
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(opposite of in theory)in print: (o
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on time: at the correct timewalk on
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Againsttake precautions againstForh
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Betweentorn betweenByaccompanied by
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5. Verbs followed by prepositionsTh
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agree withcollaborate withcommunica
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are quite intelligent.11. Since he
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14. Are you aware ___ the risks inv
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to run intoto put offto look up tot
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prey on : hunt and eat; disturbprov
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The following are examples of phras
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The following are examples of trans
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think up: inventtrack down: search
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The following are examples of expre
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followed by a preposition, and a ph
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frown ongrow onhinge onlive onpick
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pass around: distributeshow around:
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a. Expressions in which the verb ha
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2. He usually sleeps after lunch. (
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1. The car slipped off the road . _
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11. The problem urgently requires a
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He neither finished his homework no
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1. later in time: After the train l
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in spite of thisat the time whenin
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accordingly: soalso: in additionbes
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pairs given in brackets. For exampl
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10. Her eyes shone ______ stars. (a
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Answers8. The following sentences a
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Adjectives, comparative form follow
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Apostrophe, use ofappearAppositiona
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consequently, used as connecting ad
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from, used after certain verbsfrom,
Page 474 and 475:
Inverted word order, used with verb
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near and nearlynear, use ofNegative
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Participles, danglingParticiples us
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Pronouns, reflexivePronouns, relati
Page 482 and 483:
Spelling rules for adding ed to for
Page 484 and 485:
thisthosethouthough, used as subord
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we'rewe'vewell, use ofwerewere, use
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