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short; whereas the underlined vowels in the right-hand column are pronounced long_For example:Short Vowelsfi!tti!ppingletwinfillingnothQppingflgtterLong Vowelsfi!teti!pingdeletewinefilingnotehQpingflgteThus, in the case of most one-syllable verbs ending in a single consonant preceded by asingle vowel, the vowel is pronounced short_ In order to reflect the fact that the vowelis also pronounced short in the corresponding present participle, except in the case ofw, x and y, the final consonant must be doubled before the ending ing is added_In the following examples, the consonants which have been doubled areunderlined_ For example:Infinitiveto nodto digto runto clapto setPresent ParticiplenoddingdiggingrunningclaQQingsettingWhen a verb ends in w, x or y preceded by a single vowel, the final consonant is notdoubled before the ending is added_ For example:Infinitiveto drawto fixto sayPresent ParticipledrawingfixingsayingIt should also be noted that when a verb ends in a single consonant preceded by twovowels, the final consonant is not doubled before the ending is added_ The reason forthis is that two vowels together are generally pronounced long_ For example:Infinitiveto rainto readto meetto soakPresent Participlerainingreadingmeetingsoaki ngSee Exercise 3_d_ Verbs of more than one syllable which end in a single consonant preceded by asi ngle vowel