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a. Verbs ending in a silent eWhen a verb ends in a silent e, the silent e is dropped before the ending ing is added.For example:Infinitiveto closeto dineto leaveto movePresent ParticipleclosingdiningleavingmovingHowever, when a verb ends in an e which is not silent, the final e is not dropped beforethe ending ing is added. For example:Infinitiveto beto seePresent Participlebeingseeingb. Verbs ending in ieWhen a verb ends in ie, the ie is changed to y before the ending ing is added. Forexample:Infinitiveto dieto liePresent ParticipledyinglyingWhen a verb ends in y, no change is made before the ending is added. For example:Infinitiveto flyto playPresent ParticipleflyingplayingSee Exercise 2.c. One-syllable verbs ending in a single consonant preceded by a single vowelExcept in the case of the final consonants w, x and y, when a one· syllable verb ends ina single consonant preceded by a single vowel, the final consonant must be doubledbefore the ending ing is added. The reason for this is to reflect the fact that thepronunciation of the single vowel does not change when the ending ing is added.English vowels have a variety of pronunciations. For instance, each English vowel hastwo contrasting pronunciations, which are sometimes referred to as short and long.Vowels which are followed by two consonants, and vowels which are followed by asingle consonant at the end of a word, are generally pronounced short. In contrast,vowels which are followed by a single consonant followed by another vowel aregenerally pronounced long.In the table below, the underlined vowels in the left· hand column are pronounced