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7. the performers (ready)8. the cliffs (sheer)9. the house (there)10. the reason (chief)Answers14. Using the Simple Past tense of the verbs shown in brackets, change the followingphrases into sentences in which the adjectives are used as predicate adjectives. Forexample:the beautiful music (to sound)The music sounded beautiful.the delicious stew (to smell)The stew smelled delicious.1. the sour lemon (to taste)2. the rough surface (to feel)3. the excited child (to grow)4. the relieved students (to seem)5. the awkward silence (to become)6. the sweet roses (to smell)7. the golden wheat (to turn)8. the confident singer (to look)Answers15. For each of the following sentences, insert commas where appropriate, in order toseparate the interpolated adjectives from the rest of the sentence. For example:The marshes broad and windy stretched as far as the eye could see.The marshes, broad and windy, stretched as far as the eye could see.Delighted and encouraged the researchers continued their efforts.Delighted and encouraged, the researchers continued their efforts.1. Leaping and dancing the flames lit up the lakeshore.2. The bells deep and resonant could be heard a mile away.3. The flowers sweet·smelling and colorful attracted many bees.4. Sunny and warm the climate was ideal for tourists.5. The shears heavy and awkward were difficult to use.6. Beautiful and delicate the flowers could be found only in the high mountains.7. Twittering and chirping the birds circled overhead.8. The children silent and attentive watched the magician closely.Answers16. For each of the following sentences, fill in the blank with either the presentparticiple or the past participle of the verb shown in brackets. Use a present participleto refer to something being done by the thing being described; and use a past participleto refer to something which has been done to the thing being described. For example:The evidence is _____. (to convi nce)The evidence is convincing.
The ___ treasure was discovered accidentally. (to hide)The hidden treasure was discovered accidentally.1. Yesterday she heard ________ news. (to surprise)2. The _______ tools must be returned by five o·clock. (to rent)3. The _______ rabbit stayed perfectly still. (to frighten)4. We had a _______ experience. (to frighten)5. The play is ________. (to entertain)6. The _______ picture hung on the wall. (to complete)7. That is an _______ story. (to interest)8. The king sat on a _______ chair. (to raise)9. The situation is _______. (to alarm)10. An ______ bowl covered the cake. (to invert)11. The ______ lullaby sent the infant to sleep. (to soothe)12. A _______ walkway joined the two buildings. (to cover)13. They laid the _______ clothes on the bed. (to fold)14. _______ smells floated out of the kitchen. (to entice)15. He stacked the _______ wood near the fireplace. (to chop)Answers17. Each of the following sentences contains an interpolated adjectival phrase which isseparated from the noun or pronoun to be modified by another noun or pronoun. Foreach sentence, underline the word to be modified, and correct the sentence by movingthe adjectival phrase so that it is positioned close to the word to be modified. Forexample:The bird perched in the tree, folding its wings.Folding its wings, the bird perched in the tree.Lighting a cigarette, the door was opened by a young woman.The door was opened by a young woman, lighting a cigarette.He searched for his keys, tired from the journey.Tired from the journey, he searched for his keys.1. Wanting to entertain us, the story was told to us by a nurse.2. She decided to apply for the position, attracted by the advertisement.3. Driving a brightly colored van, the parcel was delivered by a courier.4. He looked through the book, glancing from time to time at his watch.5. Wilted from the sun, we replaced the flowers.6. The fire delighted the children, crackling and throwing off sparks.7. Our friend made us a cake, wishing to do us a favor.8. Anticipating an entertaining evening, the arena was soon filled with eagerspectators.Answers18. This exercise contains sentences in which the noun or pronoun to be modified bythe interpolated adjectival phrase is missing. Below each sentence is a rewritten,partially corrected version of the sentence. Study the corrections which have alreadybeen made, and complete the sentences with personal pronouns which make sense inthe sentences. For example:
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English GrammarENGLISH GRAMMAR: EXP
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a. Questionsb. Negative statementsc
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a. The Simple Present indicativeb.
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5. The use of some and any6. The us
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3. Interrogative adverbsExercisesCH
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THE USES AND FORMATION OF THE ENGLI
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**** The other modal auxiliaries co
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she showit showwe showthey showshe
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Past PerfectI had beenyou had beenh
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we have been beingthey have been be
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hit hit hithold held heldhurt hurt
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It should be kept in mind that many
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subject you, whether you refers to
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They are awake.They are awake, aren
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12. not, you, late13. it, not, ?, i
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When a verb ends in y immediately p
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Auxiliaries are verbs which are com
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6. He ____ the office every day. (t
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ANSWERS TO THE EXERCISES for Chapte
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a. Verbs ending in a silent eWhen a
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When a verb of more than one syllab
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not is placed after the subject. Ho
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It _____. (to rain)It is raining.1.
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They are being cautious, aren't the
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2. Formation of the present perfect
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stress. In the following examples,
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tense is the same for an irregular
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The use of the Present Perfect Cont
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2. Rewrite the following sentences,
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1. We _______ lunch. (to eat)2. 1 _
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1. has apologized 2. have stirred 3
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was notwere notwasn'tweren'tIn orde
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See Exercise 5.In order to change a
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Were you not on ti me?Weren't you o
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contractions and the forms with con
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form, as well as other modal forms.
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tag questions are underlined. Contr
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In the preceding examples, the verb
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Emphatic statements are often used
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2. We ________ money. (to save)3. S
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4. ___ they ______ the letter? (to
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13. You did not ________ my letter.
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8. He was right. 9. She does unders
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will notwon'tThe contracted form of
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It should also be noted that the Pa
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they will have workedSee Exercise 9
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Tag questions are formed using the
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e.g. We will welcome him when he ar
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We will pass the exam.You _____ the
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9. Using either the auxiliary shall
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1. She_______________to help us. (t
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solved 9. shall have received or wi
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Negative Statement:Negative Questio
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They would not have worked.Negative
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The following table summarizes the
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3. I ________ everything carefully.
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7. He ___ not _______ it to your ol
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Would she have been preparing for t
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1. Would he have been listening to
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they werethey wereFor any verb, the
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we had workedthey had workedwe had
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In each of these examples, the use
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See Exercise 6.As well as being exp
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. Forms of the verb used in the sub
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6. The imperative moodThe Imperativ
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Does she wish it would snow?You wil
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___ shenot _____ if she had seen us
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emind)3. ___ I ____ earlier. I woul
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1. would, have begun 2. would, have
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See Exercise 1 .b. Negative stateme
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The most important meaning of can a
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5. ShouldIn British English, the Si
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For the Simple Present and the Simp
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Without Ellipsis: He wrote a letter
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8. We shall visit our friends.9. Sh
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7. Had a flying saucer landed on th
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8. They could help us.9. I won the
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He is not angry, and neither are we
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1. Yes, we do. 2. Yes, they may. 3.
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See Exercise 2.b. To Raise and To R
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She said something to her teacher.T
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Now they _____ the table.Now they a
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Answers to Exercise 1 :1. birds 2.
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they have beenPresent Perfect Conti
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Simple FutureFuture Continuous··F
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Perfect, with would I would have sh
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A similar example is:Active: The po
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or improbable conditions.e.g. I wis
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Was he not being flown to Boston?Pa
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4. It is crucial that we ______ of
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2. Countable nounsCountable nouns a
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c. Plurals of proper nounsProper no
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used for scientific purposes, form
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2. The train has left.3. The bird w
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The reef attracts tourists.The reef
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opened. 7. The newspapers are read
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a long u, since these words are pro
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a. Referring to something mentioned
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I had never visited Seretnay Park b
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A musician must practise a great de
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UseA weakened form of OneNaming a p
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a pair of pliersa pair of scissorsW
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6. Fill in each blank with the or l
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1. Schooners are ships. 2. Mallards
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eferred to have not been mentioned
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This afternoon we baked two cakes.I
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In the first example, the skiing co
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1. __2. __3. __4. __air is made up
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6. You should practise _____ the sp
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that the house belongs to the Smith
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e.g. Our vice· president and treas
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2. the policemen's warning3. the di
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16. Either plates or saucers ___ su
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Third Person he, she, it theyThus,
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In the first example, they stands f
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When a personal pronoun is the subj
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The tree has lost two of its branch
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which agrees with singular antecede
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2. My father told my uncle the stor
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1. She helped us.2. He asked them t
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10. You and I are good friends, ___
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Although they do not know it yet, t
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1. Your 2. Their 3. His 4. My 5. He
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Case Case Adjective Pronoun Pronoun
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4. Interrogative pronounsInterrogat
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When used as adjectives or as inter
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verb or preposition, or modifies th
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You asked which boy did it.She want
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pronoun, which can refer to either
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antecedents. When used as a relativ
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Is this ready?Are these ready?This
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3. is at the door?4. ____ was award
Page 268 and 269: 11. Using the introductory phrase W
Page 270 and 271: 12. The townspeople, ____ pride in
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Page 274 and 275: most plural eN most trees nearly al
Page 276 and 277: few plural eN few of the trees a sm
Page 278 and 279: A sentence which contains the word
Page 280 and 281: e.g. We each have our own ideas.In
Page 282 and 283: e.g. I bought no potatoes.We will c
Page 284 and 285: The only trees were somewhat damage
Page 286 and 287: described in the main clauseSheThe
Page 288 and 289: All of the dogs pricked up their ea
Page 290 and 291: 16. Some books are missing.17. I ha
Page 292 and 293: ANSWERS TO THE EXERCISES for Chapte
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Page 296 and 297: In a somewhat similar way, the dete
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Page 300 and 301: material is used as a type of defin
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Page 304 and 305: However, when a defining adjective
Page 306 and 307: adjectives are usually separated fr
Page 308 and 309: 4. Interpolated adjectivesAs well a
Page 310 and 311: Disconcerted by the news, we headed
Page 312 and 313: In the first example, will be close
Page 314 and 315: Answers5. Place the adjectives give
Page 316 and 317: At one end of the large old rectang
Page 320 and 321: Incorrect: Following in his footste
Page 322 and 323: flower pot 12. a warm, damp white f
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Page 326 and 327: e.g. He is as tall as his brother.I
Page 328 and 329: latelaterWhen an adjective ends in
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Page 332 and 333: two consonants (other than y)y prec
Page 334 and 335: In this example, Alan is being comp
Page 336 and 337: 1. We are as proud as ______. (they
Page 338 and 339: 7. Sara and Barbara (age)8. Sara an
Page 340 and 341: 9. The ______ temperature on record
Page 342 and 343: Rupert is as able an administrator
Page 344 and 345: and a few other two· syllableadjec
Page 346 and 347: For adjectives which form the compa
Page 348 and 349: with plural countable nouns, and li
Page 350 and 351: Yesterday he drankThe game requires
Page 352 and 353: e.g. Her bicycleThe resultHis timet
Page 354 and 355: example, those is used to replace t
Page 356 and 357: Answers6. Rewrite each of the follo
Page 358 and 359: 1. Penny and Alex (money)2. Chris a
Page 360 and 361: 2. The taxes in Singapore are lower
Page 362 and 363: Answers to Exercise 11:1. We had mo
Page 364 and 365: athersotooveryIn addition, the word
Page 366 and 367: It should be noted that the adverbs
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Adverb phrases and clauses of manne
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He left his bicycle in the driveway
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word, in clauses indicating the exi
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Scarcely had we left the house, whe
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11. They follow the news. (rarely)1
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11. She went. (by bus, downtown, to
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Tell me where you have been.Where h
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1. He needs no advice. or He does n
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v. Adjectives ending in yWhen the a
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uglyWhen it is desired to use one o
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However, there are several verbs wh
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littlemuchwelllessmorebetterleastmo
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We visited them less and less frequ
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14. She was signaling ______. (fran
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We tasted the soup ______. (suspici
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The more you study, the ___ you wil
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In the first example, the noun corn
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1. Lower than; under: below freezin
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Of1. Location: east of here; the mi
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Underneath1. Below, under: undernea
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y degrees: graduallyperform by ear:
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(opposite of in theory)in print: (o
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on time: at the correct timewalk on
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Againsttake precautions againstForh
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Betweentorn betweenByaccompanied by
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5. Verbs followed by prepositionsTh
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agree withcollaborate withcommunica
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are quite intelligent.11. Since he
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14. Are you aware ___ the risks inv
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to run intoto put offto look up tot
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prey on : hunt and eat; disturbprov
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The following are examples of phras
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The following are examples of trans
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think up: inventtrack down: search
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The following are examples of expre
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followed by a preposition, and a ph
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frown ongrow onhinge onlive onpick
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pass around: distributeshow around:
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a. Expressions in which the verb ha
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2. He usually sleeps after lunch. (
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1. The car slipped off the road . _
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11. The problem urgently requires a
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He neither finished his homework no
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1. later in time: After the train l
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in spite of thisat the time whenin
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accordingly: soalso: in additionbes
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pairs given in brackets. For exampl
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10. Her eyes shone ______ stars. (a
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Answers8. The following sentences a
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Adjectives, comparative form follow
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Apostrophe, use ofappearAppositiona
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consequently, used as connecting ad
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from, used after certain verbsfrom,
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Inverted word order, used with verb
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near and nearlynear, use ofNegative
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Participles, danglingParticiples us
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Pronouns, reflexivePronouns, relati
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Spelling rules for adding ed to for
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thisthosethouthough, used as subord
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we'rewe'vewell, use ofwerewere, use
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