Report 2011 - EFTA Court

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Protective measures may nevertheless be taken without prior consultation in accordance with Article 45(3) and (4) EEA on grounds of secrecy and urgency and where a sudden crisis in the balance of payments occurs. it follows from Article 45(5) EEA that in those cases notice of the protective measures must be given at the latest by the date of their entry into force, and the exchange of information and consultations must take place as soon as possible thereafter. National law 5 in iceland, Act No 87/1992 on Foreign Exchange (“the 1992 Act”) lays down certain rules concerning capital movements, imports and foreign investment. According to Article 3, the Central Bank of iceland (“the Central Bank”) may decide, in consultation with the Ministry of Economic Affairs, to “restrict or suspend for a period of up to six months” certain listed categories of capital movements “if short-term capital movements to and from iceland create, in the Bank’s opinion, exchange-rate and monetary instability”. The import and export of domestic currency is mentioned in point 5 of Article 3. 6 Article 7 of the 1992 Act permits the Central Bank, upon application by a party, to grant exemptions from restrictions imposed on capital movements. According to that Article, the Central Bank shall in this regard assess the consequences which restrictions on capital movements have for the applicant, the objectives behind the restrictions and the impact which an exemption will have on exchange rate and monetary stability. A refusal to grant an exemption may be referred to the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 7 On 28 November 2008, the icelandic Parliament adopted Act No 134/2008, which amended the 1992 Act, adding, inter alia, a temporary provision authorising the Central Bank to adopt rules which “restrict or temporarily suspend” certain listed capital movements and related foreign exchange transactions, including the import and export of domestic currency, “if the Bank considers that such movements of capital to and from the country Case E-3/11 Pálmi Sigmarsson v xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx The Central Bank of iceland 440 435
sameiginlegu EES-nefndinni og eftir að henni hafa verið veittar upplýsingar. verndarráðstafanir má þó gera án samráðs í samræmi við 3. og 4. mgr. 45. gr. EES-samningsins, á grundvelli þess að þær verði að fara leynt eða þoli enga bið og ef skyndilega kemur upp vandi er varðar greiðslujöfnuð. Það leiðir af 5. mgr. 45. gr. EES-samningsins að í slíkum tilvikum skuli tilkynna það eigi síðar en þann dag sem þær taka gildi, og að í kjölfar þess skuli veita upplýsingar og leita samráðs eins fljótt og auðið er. Landsréttur 5 Á Íslandi mæla lög nr. 87/1992 um gjaldeyrismál, fyrir um reglur um fjármagnsflutninga, innflutning og erlendar fjárfestingar. Samkvæmt 3. gr. laganna er Seðlabanka Íslands heimilt að ákveða, að höfðu samráði við efnahags- og viðskiptaráðuneytið, að ,,takmarka eða stöðva í allt að sex mánuði“ ákveðna, nánar tilgreinda flokka fjármagnshreyfinga „ef skammtímahreyfingar fjármagns til og frá landinu valda að mati bankans óstöðugleika í gengis- og peningamálum“. Minnst er á inn- og útflutning innlends gjaldeyris í 5. tl. 3. gr. laganna. 6 Í 7. gr. laganna frá 1992 er Seðlabankanum heimilað að veita aðila undanþágu, samkvæmt umsókn þar að lútandi, frá takmörkunum á fjármagnshreyfingum. Samkvæmt 7. gr. skal Seðlabankinn, við mat á beiðni um undanþágu, horfa til þess hvaða afleiðingar takmarkanir á fjármagnshreyfingum hafa fyrir umsækjanda, hvaða markmið eru að baki takmörkununum og hvaða áhrif undanþága hefur á stöðugleika í gengis- og peningamálum. Synjun undanþágu má kæra til efnahags- og viðskiptaráðuneytisins. 7 Þann 28. nóvember 2008 samþykkti Alþingi lög nr. 134/2008 sem breyttu lögum nr. 87/1992 um gjaldeyrismál. Í þeim er meðal annars að finna bráðabirgðaákvæði sem heimilar Seðlabankanum að gefa út reglur sem ,,takmarka eða stöðva tímabundið” tilteknar fjármagnshreyfingar og gjaldeyrisviðskipti sem þeim tengjast, þar á meðal inn- og útflutning innlends gjaldeyris, ,,ef slíkar hreyfingar fjármagns til og frá landinu valda Case E-3/11 Pálmi Sigmarsson v The xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Central Bank of iceland Summary Judgment CAse Case e-xx/x e-8/11 e-3/11 441 435
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Summary Case e-xx/x RepoRt of the e
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RepoRt of the eFtA Court 2011 www.e
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The EFTA Court was set up under the
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Foreword I DECISIONS OF THE COURT C
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xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Summary C
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I. Decisions of the Court xxxxxxxxx
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CASE E-13/10 Aleris Ungplan AS v EF
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ORDER OF THE COURT 31 January 2011
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2010) with the possibility of exten
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Any natural or legal person may, un
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19 ESA argues that the special rule
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Commission v Greece [2005] ECR I-47
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Joined Cases e-4/10, e-6/10 and e-7
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A measure by which the public autho
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10. The determination whether a mea
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for the reasoning to go into all th
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THE COURT, composed of: Carl Bauden
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II LEGAL BACkGROUND EEA law 5 Artic
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(iii) aid which is deemed to have b
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15 The coupon tax applies to compan
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were requested to explain the tax t
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ESA’s analysis, captive insurance
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2. The amount of aid to be recovere
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42 The reply from Reassur in Case E
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activity, regardless of the legal s
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the scheme at issue, without being
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selective. Moreover, according to t
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73 in this regard, it has to be exa
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Arguments of the parties 81 The app
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Cases Portugal v Commission, cited
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Findings of the Court 94 With regar
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103 Reassur and Swisscom submit tha
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may have had tax concessions before
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119 Accordingly, the question wheth
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final decision. Reassur asserts tha
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134 in ESA’s view, the publicatio
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Findings of the Court 141 The aboli
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it was already established at the t
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154 ESA, with the support of the Co
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163 in the case at hand, the situat
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easoning followed by ESA in such a
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Although these were not necessarily
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The third part of the fourth plea:
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have been aware by the date of publ
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REPORT FOR THE HEARING in joined Ca
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Tax Act. This decision was publishe
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2010. The Reply from Reassur in Cas
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21. Article 5 SCA reads as follows:
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that the EFTA State concerned shall
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28. Article 17 in Part ii of Protoc
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73, points a) to f), of the Act, am
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- Swisscom, represented by Dr Micha
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that ESA’s findings in this regar
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for certain undertakings in compari
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the Groepsrentebox 19 and Hungarian
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question were introduced in order t
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provisions qualify as “existing
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qualified as “existing aid” acc
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much lower standard of protection o
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they were enacted until publication
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92. it is submitted that in cases w
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effects. in the applicants’ view,
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parties to whom it is of direct and
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CASE E-12/10 EFTA Surveillance Auth
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JUDGMENT OF THE COURT 28 June 2011
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to at point 30 of Annex Xviii to th
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(6) Whereas the transnationalizatio
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undertakings and to the undertaking
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No. 19/1979, Respecting Workers’
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information concerning the terms an
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ESA, the entitlement provided for i
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a “social security benefit”. Th
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The Commission 38 The Commission su
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44 The “minimum rates of pay, inc
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insurance for their employees conce
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Human Rights are important sources
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REPORT FOR THE HEARING in Case E-12
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II LEGAL BACkGROUND European law 6.
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2. Everyone residing and moving leg
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circumstances, and exceeds 12 month
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7. Paragraphs 1 to 6 shall not prev
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31. Article 3 of the Posting Act -
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If the undertaking so requests, the
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to register and provide information
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the Posting Act constitute minimum
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on grounds of illness for a period
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encompass “minimum wages and othe
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and accident” to be synonymous. A
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73. According to ESA, it follows th
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79. Furthermore, ESA submits that i
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87. Further, it seems to ESA that i
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Relevant law 92. iceland cites a co
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minimum protection set out in Artic
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Regulation No 1408/71 and Article 5
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ight as concerns the preservation o
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purposes of preserving their value
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124. in addition, iceland also subm
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sick leave is thus entitled to paid
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Regulation No 1408/71 and Article 5
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1408/71 for the protection of worke
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150. The Kingdom of Norway argues,
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155. The Kingdom of Norway acknowle
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deemed to fall within the scope of
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169. The Commission further submits
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Directive 96/71 and Article 7 of th
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Case e-18/10 EFTA Surveillance Auth
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end of the period prescribed in the
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having decided to dispense with the
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men and women in occupational socia
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18 in its reply of 11 March 2010, t
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Court. Article 33 SCA corresponds i
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VI COSTS 33 Under Article 66(2) of
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Case e-4/11 Arnulf Clauder Case xxx
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RECHTSSACHE E-4/11 Arnulf Clauder (
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a, b oder c erfüllt, d. h. dass de
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URTEIL DES GERICHTSHOFS 26. Juli 20
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- der Regierung des Königreichs de
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3 Für eine ausführliche Darstellu
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2. „Familienangehöriger“ a) de
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das Recht, sich dort auf Dauer aufz
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13 im Jahr 2009 wurde die Ehe zwisc
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18 in seinem Antrag auf vorabentsch
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Familiennachzug selbst dann geltend
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Daueraufenthaltsrecht nicht mehr an
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2004/38 für EWR-Staatsangehörige
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den Artikeln 6 und 7 der Richtlinie
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Familienangehörige selbst die Bedi
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35 Der Gerichtshof stellt weiterhin
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sondern abgeleitete Rechte, die sie
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43 Nach dem Dafürhalten des Gerich
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46 Könnte ein EWR-Staatsangehörig
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ist. Nach ständiger Rechtsprechung
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Aus diesen Gründen erstellt DER GE
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SITZUNGSBERICHT in der Rechtssache
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II RECHTLICHER HINTERGRUND Europare
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6. Artikel 7 der Richtlinie - Recht
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8. Artikel 24 der Richtlinie - Glei
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11. Die Liechtenstein betreffenden
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anderen Mitgliedstaats zu verbleibe
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3) Die Kontrollfrist zur Überprüf
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16. Die in Artikel 41 Absatz 1 Buch
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19. im Jahr 2002, nach mehrfacher v
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24. Am 26. April 2010 erhob Herr Cl
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- die Regierung des Fürstentums Li
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lücke darstellt, sondern dass das
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von EWR-Staaten erfüllen müssen,
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ermittelt wird - die Kriterien, die
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38. Mit Blick auf den Erwerb eines
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invalidenversicherung 11 (ELG) abh
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Zur dritten Frage 42. Die Regierung
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Existenzmittel zur Bedingung zu mac
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tigten EU-Bürger nachziehen möcht
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Staat laut völkerrecht, vorbehaltl
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fünf Jahre lang ununterbrochen im
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56. Die EFTA-Überwachungsbehörde
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58. Die EFTA-Überwachungsbehörde
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60. Angesichts dieser Erwägungen v
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die EFTA-Überwachungsbehörde, das
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Arbeitnehmer oder Selbstständiger
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enthaltsberechtigten das Recht auf
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Familie nach einem fünfjährigen A
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mission erinnert daran, dass nach s
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Case e-14/10 Konkurrenten.no AS v E
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to the provisions of national law p
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- the European Commission (“the C
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constitute an aid, and subsequently
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III PRE-LITIGATION PROCEDURE 12 By
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In order to compensate for the oper
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that no changes had been made to th
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of scheduled bus transport services
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34 With regard to the first and sec
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for the measure and thus enable the
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Sporveier to operate scheduled bus
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59 As ESA neither explained its fin
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maintains that the aid must be seen
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allocating costs nor that the accou
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Findings of the Court 84 As a preli
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92 it follows from all of the foreg
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3. The application is based on thre
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[…] 7. Article 16 of the Agreemen
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incompatible with the EEA Agreement
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In order to compensate for the oper
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SCA. 6 it answered that question in
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V FORMS OF ORDER SOUGHT By THE PART
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in April 2010, and that the contest
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States to prolong aid in principle
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44. in the rejoinder, the defendant
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which had an effect on Oslo Sporvei
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decision to make the capital inject
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statements of the Norwegian authori
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the aid. 43 Concerning the argument
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of alteration which affects the ent
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submits that in order to determine
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contends that the capital injection
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Case e-16/10 Philip Morris Norway A
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SAK E-16/10 Philip Morris Norway AS
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importerte tobakksprodukter har en
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EFTA-DOMSTOLENS DOM 12. september 2
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- Philip Morris Norway AS (”saks
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slik I FAkTA OG PROSEDyRE DOM 1 ved
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forbudet mot synlig oppstilling av
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Bestemmelsene i artikkel 11 og 12 s
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Det kan på utsalgssteder gis nøyt
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Innlegg inngitt til EFTA-domstolen
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frie varebytte etter EØS-avtalen a
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ha en direkte effekt på bruken av
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Denne sak faller derfor utenfor omr
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dens oppfatning ikke er relevant fo
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skape presedens for å tillate EØS
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ikke får anvendelse på nasjonal l
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hvorvidt forbudet mot synlig oppsti
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2005 s. 1, avsnitt 45, og den retts
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44 Bestemmelser som gjelder salgsor
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importeres til Norge. Disse produkt
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en slik virkning ikke klart kan fas
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54 Saksøker anfører at en forhold
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57 Saksøkte gjør gjeldende at om
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forholdsmessighetsperspektiv bare d
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av alternativene saksøker viser ti
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aktuelle restriktive tiltak. Selv o
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anta, alt tatt i betraktning, at fo
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så omfattende at saksøkte må bev
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74 Kommisjonen anfører at EU-domst
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Rep. 2007 s. 86, avsnitt 43). EFTA-
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i størst mulig grad reduserer en f
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det vises til der, og sak C-434/04
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På dette grunnlag avgir EFTA-DOMST
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RETTSMØTERAPPORT i sak E-16/10 ANM
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for markedsføring i alle typer med
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III SPØRSMåL 7. Følgende spørsm
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mot tobakksskader 9. mars 1973 nr.
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Med røykeutstyr forstås i denne l
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Saksøker - Europakommisjonen, repr
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16. Uten hensyn til viktigheten av
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ter utgjør en hindring av det frie
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Oppstillingsforbudet og spesialiser
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eller iii) hindrer adgang for impor
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28. Saksøker foreslår følgende s
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32. i tillegg understreker saksøke
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staterer saksøker at partene er ue
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at det finnes noe årsakssammenheng
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tobakksmerker. Disse konsekvenser o
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Mindre inngripende tiltak for å re
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det finske parlament med at et slik
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Saksøkte vurdert alle bevisene i s
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edusere bruken av tobakk. Disse til
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forbyr forbud mot synlig oppstillin
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ør forstås som en oppfordring til
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er kjent med at det har pågått ar
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Det første spørsmål 65. Saksøkt
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enhver omstendighet må anvendelsen
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70. Saksøkte anfører at i mange s
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markedsadgangen for produkter fra a
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og innenlandske produkter. Saksøkt
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at saksøkers syn er basert på en
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80. Saksøkte viser til fast rettsp
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hvordan et oppstillingsforbud kan v
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som skal behandles, hvorvidt angjel
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å nå det aktuelle mål. 66 i till
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tiltak er et ledd i en konsistent,
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97. Saksøkte understreker to forho
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ikke finnes; de alternative tiltak
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103. Saksøkte anmoder EFTA-domstol
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tilsvarende virkning som en kvantit
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som produkter hvis forbruk er knytt
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114. ifølge Finlands regjering er
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øyking. Derfor kan det ikke være
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enkeltes rett til å utøve det yrk
Page 537 and 538: er forskjellsbehandling. 86 Kombine
Page 539 and 540: underbygges med dokumentasjon på e
Page 541 and 542: Spørsmål 1: En lovgivning som fas
Page 543 and 544: Storbritannia Det første spørsmå
Page 545 and 546: mellom tobakksmarkedet og alkoholma
Page 547 and 548: skjønnsmargin, og at EFTA-domstole
Page 549 and 550: Storbritannia bemerker at EU-domsto
Page 551 and 552: synlig oppstilling av tobakksproduk
Page 553 and 554: fant at salgsordninger ikke skal be
Page 555 and 556: meget lite antall, anfører ESA at
Page 557 and 558: andre EØS-stater. 111 Til det tred
Page 559 and 560: 156. Når det gjelder hvorvidt mind
Page 561 and 562: 159. ifølge rettspraksis kan imidl
Page 563 and 564: 162. Kommisjonen gjør gjeldende at
Page 565 and 566: Case e-5/11 EFTA Surveillance Autho
Page 567 and 568: JUDGMENT OF THE COURT 20 September
Page 569 and 570: Decision entered into force on 1 Ja
Page 571 and 572: 13 Having assessed the reply, ESA u
Page 573 and 574: 24 it is further argued that in the
Page 575 and 576: On those grounds, hereby: THE COURT
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Page 579 and 580: MáL E-3/11 Pálmi Sigmarsson gegn
Page 581 and 582: hvort þær uppfylli þær kröfur
Page 583 and 584: DÓMUR DÓMSTÓLSINS 14. desember 2
Page 585 and 586: - Eftirlitsstofnun EFTA (ESA), í f
Page 587: 2 Í 2. og 4. mgr. 43. gr. EES-samn
Page 591 and 592: að mati Seðlabankans alvarlegum o
Page 593 and 594: II MáLAVEXTIR OG MEðFERð MáLSIN
Page 595 and 596: III SPURNINGIN Lögsaga Athugasemdi
Page 597 and 598: fylgt málsmeðferðinni sem mælt
Page 599 and 600: Álit dómstólsins 24 Dómstóllin
Page 601 and 602: 29 Í öðru lagi bendir efni og up
Page 603 and 604: takmarkanir á frjálsu flæði fj
Page 605 and 606: nein hlutlæg viðmið í reglum hi
Page 607 and 608: framkvæmd EES-samningsins. Þau te
Page 609 and 610: skilyrði teljist uppfyllt og til h
Page 611 and 612: fjárhæðin í hans tilviki sé ti
Page 613 and 614: legum þáttum. EFTA-ríki njóta
Page 615 and 616: sem bönnuðu innflutning aflandskr
Page 617 and 618: IV MáLSkOSTNAðUR 57 Ríkisstjórn
Page 619 and 620: SkÝRSLA FRAMSöGUMANNS í máli E-
Page 621 and 622: 4. Í 2. og 4. mgr. 43. gr. EES-sam
Page 623 and 624: verið veittar upplýsingar. Þegar
Page 625 and 626: eglur um gjaldeyrismál nr. 1082/20
Page 627 and 628: III MáLAVEXTIR OG MEðFERð MáLSI
Page 629 and 630: Stefnandi - Stefnda, Seðlabanka Í
Page 631 and 632: áðstafanir ekki brjóta í bága
Page 633 and 634: Seðlabankinn verði að líta til
Page 635 and 636: Stefndi 30. Stefndi gerir þá alme
Page 637 and 638: við verndarráðstafanirnar. Enn f
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aðgerðanna falli utan lögsögu E
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41. Að teknu tilliti til hins mikl
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um gjaldeyrismál - sé í samræmi
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4. mgr. 43. gr. EES-samningsins sé
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við 2. gr. bókunar 2 við samning
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hæpið að halda því fram að a
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tilvist slíks undanþágukerfis fr
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CASE E-8/11 EFTA Surveillance Autho
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THE COURT, composed of: Carl Bauden
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… have more than 60 000 train pas
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2.2. A characterisation of their su
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15 in its reply to the reasoned opi
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Articles 7(1) and 7(2) of the Direc
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Court notes that it is apparent fro
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On those grounds, hereby: THE COURT
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Case e-1/11 Dr A xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
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SAk E-1/11 Dr. A (Fri bevegelighet
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forholdsmessige, for eksempel med h
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EFTA-DOMSTOLENS DOM 15. desember 20
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- Europakommisjonen (“Kommisjonen
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faglig veiledning og tilsyn av over
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7 Den 23. februar 2009 søkte klage
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anerkjennelse av yrkeskvalifikasjon
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14 Direktivets artikkel 2 lyder: Om
Page 687 and 688:
… 24 og 25,….og skal med hensyn
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formelle kvalifikasjoner avgitt fra
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d) ikke er uegnet for yrket … (3)
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norsk autorisasjon, lisens eller sp
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30 Det henvises til rettsmøterappo
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Liiton Kustannus Oy Restamark, EFTA
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22. desember 2010, ennå ikke i Sml
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44 ifølge opplysningene gitt av de
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direkte på grunnlag av direktivet.
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for en diskvalifisering kunne være
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direktivet omhandler er harmonisert
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språket. Etter ESAs oppfatning fø
Page 711 and 712:
yrkeskvalifikasjoner er gitt i henh
Page 713 and 714:
65 Direktivet bygger på en forutse
Page 715 and 716:
krever relevant språkkunnskap i de
Page 717 and 718:
medisinske fagfolk og eventuelt til
Page 719 and 720:
78 Når det gjelder grunnlaget i au
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På dette grunnlag avgir EFTA-DOMST
Page 723 and 724:
RETTSMØTERAPPORT i sak E-1/11 ANMO
Page 725 and 726:
5. i vedtak av 12. august 2009 avsl
Page 727 and 728:
IV RETTSLIG BAkGRUNN EØS-rett 8. E
Page 729 and 730:
2. For dette direktivs formål er y
Page 731 and 732:
mindre enn varigheten fastsatt i ne
Page 733 and 734:
15. Direktivets artikkel 53 lyder:
Page 735 and 736:
V SkRIFTLIGE INNLEGG 20. i medhold
Page 737 and 738:
anerkjennes, om nødvendig ved å g
Page 739 and 740:
“akseptabel praksis” at godkjen
Page 741 and 742:
anerkjent i Norge. 4 Derimot kan hu
Page 743 and 744:
yrkeskvalifikasjoner, kun underlagt
Page 745 and 746:
denne hovedforutsetning undergraves
Page 747 and 748:
lir denne konklusjon bekreftet ikke
Page 749 and 750:
individene på bakgrunn av direktiv
Page 751 and 752:
43. Den spanske regjering viser ogs
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utilstrekkelighet, bør vedkommende
Page 755 and 756:
artikkel 23 har rett til godkjennin
Page 757 and 758:
autorisasjon og ikke til godkjennin
Page 759 and 760:
53. Når det gjelder den tredje bet
Page 761 and 762:
direktivet enhver EØS-stat som reg
Page 763 and 764:
opplæringskurser som er relevante
Page 765 and 766:
nr. 6 må alle EØS-stater godkjenn
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67. videre bemerker ESA at direktiv
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70. For så vidt gjelder den situas
Page 771 and 772:
(som definert i artikkel 24) og bå
Page 773 and 774:
seg til å kontrollere at diplomet
Page 775 and 776:
78. Under enhver omstendighet vil d
Page 777 and 778:
vertsstatens nasjonale myndigheter,
Page 779 and 780:
Europakommisjonen 83. Kommisjonen p
Page 781 and 782:
85. Kommisjonen konstaterer at dire
Page 783 and 784:
virkning fra 1. juli 2009 (dvs. for
Page 785 and 786:
spesialistleger) som er oppført i
Page 787 and 788:
Kommisjonen at godkjenning av medis
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1. I en situasjon hvor en søker op
Page 791 and 792:
II. Administration and Activities o
Page 793 and 794:
Agreement states that the Governmen
Page 795 and 796:
III. Judges and staff xxxxxxxxxxxxx
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In addition to the Judges, the foll
Page 799 and 800:
Per CHRISTIANSEN Born in 1949 in La
Page 801 and 802:
Skúli MAGNÚSSON Born: 14 October
Page 803 and 804:
List of Court Decisions published i
Page 805 and 806:
Case Parties Type of Case 9 E-1/95
Page 807 and 808:
Page 809 and 810:
Page 811 and 812:
Page 813 and 814:
Page 815 and 816:
Page 817 and 818:
Case Parties Type of Case 90 Joined
Page 819 and 820:
Page 821 and 822:
Case Parties Type of Case 116 E-16/
Page 823 and 824:
The EFTA Court was set up under the
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Report 2011 - EFTA Court

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