Report 2011 - EFTA Court

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On those grounds, hereby: 1. Dismisses the applications. THE COURT 2. Orders the applicants to pay the costs of the proceedings. Carl Baudenbacher Thorgeir Örlygsson Per Christiansen Delivered in open court in Luxembourg on 10 May 2011. Skúli Magnússon Carl Baudenbacher Registrar President Joined Cases E-4/10, E-6/10 and E-7/10 Principality of Liechtenstein, Reassur Aktiengesellschaft, xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 78 Swisscom RE Aktiengesellschaft v EFTA Surveillance Authority
REPORT FOR THE HEARING in joined Cases E-4/10, E-6/10, E-7/10 APPLICATION to the Court pursuant to Article 36 of the Agreement between the EFTA States on the Establishment of a Surveillance Authority and a Court of Justice in the cases between The Principality of Liechtenstein (Case E-4/10), Reassur Aktiengesellschaft (Case E-6/10), Swisscom RE Aktiengesellschaft (Case E-7/10) and EFTA Surveillance Authority seeking the annulment of the EFTA Surveillance Authority’s Decision No 97/10/COL of 24 March 2010. in the alternative, the applicants seek the annulment of Articles 3 and 4 of the decision to the extent that they order the recovery of the aid referred to in Article 1 of the decision. I INTRODUCTION 1. in this case, it is at dispute as to whether the special provisions of Liechtenstein law regarding the taxation of captive insurance companies constitute State aid under Article 61(1) of the EEA Agreement. it is also disputed to what extent legitimate expectations entertained by the beneficiaries of the alleged State aid prevent the recovery of State aid granted prior to the final decision of the EFTA Surveillance Authority (“ESA”) on 24 March 2010. Further, the applicants argue that ESA’s Decision infringes the principles of legal certainty, homogeneity and equal treatment, and that it lacks adequate reasoning. II FACTS AND PROCEDURE 2. According to the provisions of the Liechtenstein Tax Act (Gesetz über die Landes- und Gemeindesteuern, “the Tax Act”), insurance companies, which engage exclusively in captive insurance under the insurance Supervision Act (Gesetz vom 6. Dezember Joined Cases E-4/10, E-6/10 and E-7/10 Principality of Liechtenstein, Reassur Aktiengesellschaft, xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Swisscom RE Aktiengesellschaft v EFTA Surveillance Authority Summary Report CAses Case e-xx/x e-4/10 e-6/10 e-7/10 79
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Summary Case e-xx/x RepoRt of the e
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RepoRt of the eFtA Court 2011 www.e
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The EFTA Court was set up under the
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Foreword I DECISIONS OF THE COURT C
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xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Summary C
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I. Decisions of the Court xxxxxxxxx
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CASE E-13/10 Aleris Ungplan AS v EF
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ORDER OF THE COURT 31 January 2011
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2010) with the possibility of exten
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Any natural or legal person may, un
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19 ESA argues that the special rule
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Commission v Greece [2005] ECR I-47
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Joined Cases e-4/10, e-6/10 and e-7
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A measure by which the public autho
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10. The determination whether a mea
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for the reasoning to go into all th
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THE COURT, composed of: Carl Bauden
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II LEGAL BACkGROUND EEA law 5 Artic
Page 37 and 38: (iii) aid which is deemed to have b
Page 39 and 40: 15 The coupon tax applies to compan
Page 41 and 42: were requested to explain the tax t
Page 43 and 44: ESA’s analysis, captive insurance
Page 45 and 46: 2. The amount of aid to be recovere
Page 47 and 48: 42 The reply from Reassur in Case E
Page 49 and 50: activity, regardless of the legal s
Page 51 and 52: the scheme at issue, without being
Page 53 and 54: selective. Moreover, according to t
Page 55 and 56: 73 in this regard, it has to be exa
Page 57 and 58: Arguments of the parties 81 The app
Page 59 and 60: Cases Portugal v Commission, cited
Page 61 and 62: Findings of the Court 94 With regar
Page 63 and 64: 103 Reassur and Swisscom submit tha
Page 65 and 66: may have had tax concessions before
Page 67 and 68: 119 Accordingly, the question wheth
Page 69 and 70: final decision. Reassur asserts tha
Page 71 and 72: 134 in ESA’s view, the publicatio
Page 73 and 74: Findings of the Court 141 The aboli
Page 75 and 76: it was already established at the t
Page 77 and 78: 154 ESA, with the support of the Co
Page 79 and 80: 163 in the case at hand, the situat
Page 81 and 82: easoning followed by ESA in such a
Page 83 and 84: Although these were not necessarily
Page 85 and 86: The third part of the fourth plea:
Page 87: have been aware by the date of publ
Page 91 and 92: Tax Act. This decision was publishe
Page 93 and 94: 2010. The Reply from Reassur in Cas
Page 95 and 96: 21. Article 5 SCA reads as follows:
Page 97 and 98: that the EFTA State concerned shall
Page 99 and 100: 28. Article 17 in Part ii of Protoc
Page 101 and 102: 73, points a) to f), of the Act, am
Page 103 and 104: - Swisscom, represented by Dr Micha
Page 105 and 106: that ESA’s findings in this regar
Page 107 and 108: for certain undertakings in compari
Page 109 and 110: the Groepsrentebox 19 and Hungarian
Page 111 and 112: question were introduced in order t
Page 113 and 114: provisions qualify as “existing
Page 115 and 116: qualified as “existing aid” acc
Page 117 and 118: much lower standard of protection o
Page 119 and 120: they were enacted until publication
Page 121 and 122: 92. it is submitted that in cases w
Page 123 and 124: effects. in the applicants’ view,
Page 125 and 126: parties to whom it is of direct and
Page 127 and 128: CASE E-12/10 EFTA Surveillance Auth
Page 129 and 130: JUDGMENT OF THE COURT 28 June 2011
Page 131 and 132: to at point 30 of Annex Xviii to th
Page 133 and 134: (6) Whereas the transnationalizatio
Page 135 and 136: undertakings and to the undertaking
Page 137 and 138: No. 19/1979, Respecting Workers’
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information concerning the terms an
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ESA, the entitlement provided for i
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a “social security benefit”. Th
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The Commission 38 The Commission su
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44 The “minimum rates of pay, inc
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insurance for their employees conce
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Human Rights are important sources
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REPORT FOR THE HEARING in Case E-12
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II LEGAL BACkGROUND European law 6.
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2. Everyone residing and moving leg
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circumstances, and exceeds 12 month
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7. Paragraphs 1 to 6 shall not prev
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31. Article 3 of the Posting Act -
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If the undertaking so requests, the
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to register and provide information
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the Posting Act constitute minimum
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on grounds of illness for a period
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encompass “minimum wages and othe
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and accident” to be synonymous. A
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73. According to ESA, it follows th
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79. Furthermore, ESA submits that i
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87. Further, it seems to ESA that i
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Relevant law 92. iceland cites a co
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minimum protection set out in Artic
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Regulation No 1408/71 and Article 5
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ight as concerns the preservation o
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purposes of preserving their value
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124. in addition, iceland also subm
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sick leave is thus entitled to paid
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Regulation No 1408/71 and Article 5
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1408/71 for the protection of worke
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150. The Kingdom of Norway argues,
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155. The Kingdom of Norway acknowle
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deemed to fall within the scope of
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169. The Commission further submits
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Directive 96/71 and Article 7 of th
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Case e-18/10 EFTA Surveillance Auth
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end of the period prescribed in the
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having decided to dispense with the
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men and women in occupational socia
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18 in its reply of 11 March 2010, t
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Court. Article 33 SCA corresponds i
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VI COSTS 33 Under Article 66(2) of
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Case e-4/11 Arnulf Clauder Case xxx
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RECHTSSACHE E-4/11 Arnulf Clauder (
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a, b oder c erfüllt, d. h. dass de
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URTEIL DES GERICHTSHOFS 26. Juli 20
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- der Regierung des Königreichs de
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3 Für eine ausführliche Darstellu
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2. „Familienangehöriger“ a) de
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das Recht, sich dort auf Dauer aufz
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13 im Jahr 2009 wurde die Ehe zwisc
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18 in seinem Antrag auf vorabentsch
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Familiennachzug selbst dann geltend
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Daueraufenthaltsrecht nicht mehr an
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2004/38 für EWR-Staatsangehörige
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den Artikeln 6 und 7 der Richtlinie
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Familienangehörige selbst die Bedi
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35 Der Gerichtshof stellt weiterhin
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sondern abgeleitete Rechte, die sie
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43 Nach dem Dafürhalten des Gerich
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46 Könnte ein EWR-Staatsangehörig
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ist. Nach ständiger Rechtsprechung
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Aus diesen Gründen erstellt DER GE
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SITZUNGSBERICHT in der Rechtssache
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II RECHTLICHER HINTERGRUND Europare
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6. Artikel 7 der Richtlinie - Recht
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8. Artikel 24 der Richtlinie - Glei
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11. Die Liechtenstein betreffenden
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anderen Mitgliedstaats zu verbleibe
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3) Die Kontrollfrist zur Überprüf
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16. Die in Artikel 41 Absatz 1 Buch
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19. im Jahr 2002, nach mehrfacher v
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24. Am 26. April 2010 erhob Herr Cl
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- die Regierung des Fürstentums Li
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lücke darstellt, sondern dass das
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von EWR-Staaten erfüllen müssen,
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ermittelt wird - die Kriterien, die
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38. Mit Blick auf den Erwerb eines
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invalidenversicherung 11 (ELG) abh
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Zur dritten Frage 42. Die Regierung
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Existenzmittel zur Bedingung zu mac
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tigten EU-Bürger nachziehen möcht
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Staat laut völkerrecht, vorbehaltl
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fünf Jahre lang ununterbrochen im
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56. Die EFTA-Überwachungsbehörde
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58. Die EFTA-Überwachungsbehörde
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60. Angesichts dieser Erwägungen v
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die EFTA-Überwachungsbehörde, das
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Arbeitnehmer oder Selbstständiger
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enthaltsberechtigten das Recht auf
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Familie nach einem fünfjährigen A
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mission erinnert daran, dass nach s
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Case e-14/10 Konkurrenten.no AS v E
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to the provisions of national law p
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- the European Commission (“the C
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constitute an aid, and subsequently
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III PRE-LITIGATION PROCEDURE 12 By
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In order to compensate for the oper
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that no changes had been made to th
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of scheduled bus transport services
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34 With regard to the first and sec
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for the measure and thus enable the
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Sporveier to operate scheduled bus
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59 As ESA neither explained its fin
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maintains that the aid must be seen
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allocating costs nor that the accou
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Findings of the Court 84 As a preli
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92 it follows from all of the foreg
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3. The application is based on thre
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[…] 7. Article 16 of the Agreemen
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incompatible with the EEA Agreement
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In order to compensate for the oper
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SCA. 6 it answered that question in
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V FORMS OF ORDER SOUGHT By THE PART
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in April 2010, and that the contest
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States to prolong aid in principle
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44. in the rejoinder, the defendant
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which had an effect on Oslo Sporvei
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decision to make the capital inject
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statements of the Norwegian authori
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the aid. 43 Concerning the argument
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of alteration which affects the ent
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submits that in order to determine
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contends that the capital injection
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Case e-16/10 Philip Morris Norway A
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SAK E-16/10 Philip Morris Norway AS
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importerte tobakksprodukter har en
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EFTA-DOMSTOLENS DOM 12. september 2
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- Philip Morris Norway AS (”saks
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slik I FAkTA OG PROSEDyRE DOM 1 ved
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forbudet mot synlig oppstilling av
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Bestemmelsene i artikkel 11 og 12 s
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Det kan på utsalgssteder gis nøyt
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Innlegg inngitt til EFTA-domstolen
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frie varebytte etter EØS-avtalen a
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ha en direkte effekt på bruken av
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Denne sak faller derfor utenfor omr
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dens oppfatning ikke er relevant fo
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skape presedens for å tillate EØS
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ikke får anvendelse på nasjonal l
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hvorvidt forbudet mot synlig oppsti
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2005 s. 1, avsnitt 45, og den retts
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44 Bestemmelser som gjelder salgsor
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importeres til Norge. Disse produkt
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en slik virkning ikke klart kan fas
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54 Saksøker anfører at en forhold
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57 Saksøkte gjør gjeldende at om
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forholdsmessighetsperspektiv bare d
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av alternativene saksøker viser ti
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aktuelle restriktive tiltak. Selv o
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anta, alt tatt i betraktning, at fo
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så omfattende at saksøkte må bev
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74 Kommisjonen anfører at EU-domst
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Rep. 2007 s. 86, avsnitt 43). EFTA-
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i størst mulig grad reduserer en f
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det vises til der, og sak C-434/04
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På dette grunnlag avgir EFTA-DOMST
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RETTSMØTERAPPORT i sak E-16/10 ANM
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for markedsføring i alle typer med
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III SPØRSMåL 7. Følgende spørsm
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mot tobakksskader 9. mars 1973 nr.
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Med røykeutstyr forstås i denne l
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Saksøker - Europakommisjonen, repr
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16. Uten hensyn til viktigheten av
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ter utgjør en hindring av det frie
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Oppstillingsforbudet og spesialiser
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eller iii) hindrer adgang for impor
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28. Saksøker foreslår følgende s
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32. i tillegg understreker saksøke
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staterer saksøker at partene er ue
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at det finnes noe årsakssammenheng
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tobakksmerker. Disse konsekvenser o
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Mindre inngripende tiltak for å re
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det finske parlament med at et slik
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Saksøkte vurdert alle bevisene i s
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edusere bruken av tobakk. Disse til
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forbyr forbud mot synlig oppstillin
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ør forstås som en oppfordring til
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er kjent med at det har pågått ar
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Det første spørsmål 65. Saksøkt
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enhver omstendighet må anvendelsen
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70. Saksøkte anfører at i mange s
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markedsadgangen for produkter fra a
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og innenlandske produkter. Saksøkt
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at saksøkers syn er basert på en
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80. Saksøkte viser til fast rettsp
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hvordan et oppstillingsforbud kan v
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som skal behandles, hvorvidt angjel
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å nå det aktuelle mål. 66 i till
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tiltak er et ledd i en konsistent,
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97. Saksøkte understreker to forho
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ikke finnes; de alternative tiltak
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103. Saksøkte anmoder EFTA-domstol
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tilsvarende virkning som en kvantit
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som produkter hvis forbruk er knytt
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114. ifølge Finlands regjering er
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øyking. Derfor kan det ikke være
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enkeltes rett til å utøve det yrk
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er forskjellsbehandling. 86 Kombine
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underbygges med dokumentasjon på e
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Spørsmål 1: En lovgivning som fas
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Storbritannia Det første spørsmå
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mellom tobakksmarkedet og alkoholma
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skjønnsmargin, og at EFTA-domstole
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Storbritannia bemerker at EU-domsto
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synlig oppstilling av tobakksproduk
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fant at salgsordninger ikke skal be
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meget lite antall, anfører ESA at
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andre EØS-stater. 111 Til det tred
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156. Når det gjelder hvorvidt mind
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159. ifølge rettspraksis kan imidl
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162. Kommisjonen gjør gjeldende at
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Case e-5/11 EFTA Surveillance Autho
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JUDGMENT OF THE COURT 20 September
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Decision entered into force on 1 Ja
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13 Having assessed the reply, ESA u
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24 it is further argued that in the
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On those grounds, hereby: THE COURT
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Case e-3/11 Pálmi Sigmarsson v The
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MáL E-3/11 Pálmi Sigmarsson gegn
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hvort þær uppfylli þær kröfur
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DÓMUR DÓMSTÓLSINS 14. desember 2
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- Eftirlitsstofnun EFTA (ESA), í f
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2 Í 2. og 4. mgr. 43. gr. EES-samn
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sameiginlegu EES-nefndinni og eftir
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að mati Seðlabankans alvarlegum o
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II MáLAVEXTIR OG MEðFERð MáLSIN
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III SPURNINGIN Lögsaga Athugasemdi
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fylgt málsmeðferðinni sem mælt
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Álit dómstólsins 24 Dómstóllin
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29 Í öðru lagi bendir efni og up
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takmarkanir á frjálsu flæði fj
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nein hlutlæg viðmið í reglum hi
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framkvæmd EES-samningsins. Þau te
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skilyrði teljist uppfyllt og til h
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fjárhæðin í hans tilviki sé ti
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legum þáttum. EFTA-ríki njóta
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sem bönnuðu innflutning aflandskr
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IV MáLSkOSTNAðUR 57 Ríkisstjórn
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SkÝRSLA FRAMSöGUMANNS í máli E-
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4. Í 2. og 4. mgr. 43. gr. EES-sam
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verið veittar upplýsingar. Þegar
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eglur um gjaldeyrismál nr. 1082/20
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III MáLAVEXTIR OG MEðFERð MáLSI
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Stefnandi - Stefnda, Seðlabanka Í
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áðstafanir ekki brjóta í bága
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Seðlabankinn verði að líta til
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Stefndi 30. Stefndi gerir þá alme
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við verndarráðstafanirnar. Enn f
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aðgerðanna falli utan lögsögu E
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41. Að teknu tilliti til hins mikl
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um gjaldeyrismál - sé í samræmi
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4. mgr. 43. gr. EES-samningsins sé
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við 2. gr. bókunar 2 við samning
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hæpið að halda því fram að a
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tilvist slíks undanþágukerfis fr
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CASE E-8/11 EFTA Surveillance Autho
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THE COURT, composed of: Carl Bauden
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… have more than 60 000 train pas
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2.2. A characterisation of their su
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15 in its reply to the reasoned opi
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Articles 7(1) and 7(2) of the Direc
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Court notes that it is apparent fro
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On those grounds, hereby: THE COURT
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Case e-1/11 Dr A xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
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SAk E-1/11 Dr. A (Fri bevegelighet
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forholdsmessige, for eksempel med h
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EFTA-DOMSTOLENS DOM 15. desember 20
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- Europakommisjonen (“Kommisjonen
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faglig veiledning og tilsyn av over
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7 Den 23. februar 2009 søkte klage
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anerkjennelse av yrkeskvalifikasjon
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14 Direktivets artikkel 2 lyder: Om
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… 24 og 25,….og skal med hensyn
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formelle kvalifikasjoner avgitt fra
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d) ikke er uegnet for yrket … (3)
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norsk autorisasjon, lisens eller sp
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30 Det henvises til rettsmøterappo
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Liiton Kustannus Oy Restamark, EFTA
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22. desember 2010, ennå ikke i Sml
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44 ifølge opplysningene gitt av de
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direkte på grunnlag av direktivet.
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for en diskvalifisering kunne være
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direktivet omhandler er harmonisert
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språket. Etter ESAs oppfatning fø
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yrkeskvalifikasjoner er gitt i henh
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65 Direktivet bygger på en forutse
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krever relevant språkkunnskap i de
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medisinske fagfolk og eventuelt til
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78 Når det gjelder grunnlaget i au
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På dette grunnlag avgir EFTA-DOMST
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RETTSMØTERAPPORT i sak E-1/11 ANMO
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5. i vedtak av 12. august 2009 avsl
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IV RETTSLIG BAkGRUNN EØS-rett 8. E
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2. For dette direktivs formål er y
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mindre enn varigheten fastsatt i ne
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15. Direktivets artikkel 53 lyder:
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V SkRIFTLIGE INNLEGG 20. i medhold
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anerkjennes, om nødvendig ved å g
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“akseptabel praksis” at godkjen
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anerkjent i Norge. 4 Derimot kan hu
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yrkeskvalifikasjoner, kun underlagt
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denne hovedforutsetning undergraves
Page 747 and 748:
lir denne konklusjon bekreftet ikke
Page 749 and 750:
individene på bakgrunn av direktiv
Page 751 and 752:
43. Den spanske regjering viser ogs
Page 753 and 754:
utilstrekkelighet, bør vedkommende
Page 755 and 756:
artikkel 23 har rett til godkjennin
Page 757 and 758:
autorisasjon og ikke til godkjennin
Page 759 and 760:
53. Når det gjelder den tredje bet
Page 761 and 762:
direktivet enhver EØS-stat som reg
Page 763 and 764:
opplæringskurser som er relevante
Page 765 and 766:
nr. 6 må alle EØS-stater godkjenn
Page 767 and 768:
67. videre bemerker ESA at direktiv
Page 769 and 770:
70. For så vidt gjelder den situas
Page 771 and 772:
(som definert i artikkel 24) og bå
Page 773 and 774:
seg til å kontrollere at diplomet
Page 775 and 776:
78. Under enhver omstendighet vil d
Page 777 and 778:
vertsstatens nasjonale myndigheter,
Page 779 and 780:
Europakommisjonen 83. Kommisjonen p
Page 781 and 782:
85. Kommisjonen konstaterer at dire
Page 783 and 784:
virkning fra 1. juli 2009 (dvs. for
Page 785 and 786:
spesialistleger) som er oppført i
Page 787 and 788:
Kommisjonen at godkjenning av medis
Page 789 and 790:
1. I en situasjon hvor en søker op
Page 791 and 792:
II. Administration and Activities o
Page 793 and 794:
Agreement states that the Governmen
Page 795 and 796:
III. Judges and staff xxxxxxxxxxxxx
Page 797 and 798:
In addition to the Judges, the foll
Page 799 and 800:
Per CHRISTIANSEN Born in 1949 in La
Page 801 and 802:
Skúli MAGNÚSSON Born: 14 October
Page 803 and 804:
List of Court Decisions published i
Page 805 and 806:
Case Parties Type of Case 9 E-1/95
Page 807 and 808:
Page 809 and 810:
Page 811 and 812:
Page 813 and 814:
Page 815 and 816:
Page 817 and 818:
Case Parties Type of Case 90 Joined
Page 819 and 820:
Page 821 and 822:
Case Parties Type of Case 116 E-16/
Page 823 and 824:
The EFTA Court was set up under the
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Report 2011 - EFTA Court

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