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120 Barry’s Advanced Construction of Buildings Ram forces the bucket into the ground Tracked excavator The cutting tool is removed from the excavated shaft and the granular non-cohesive soil is released Angled blades are hinged to form enlarge toe (c) As the belling tool is lowered into the excavation, the belling tool cuts into the soil; the blades open and form the splayed end of the excavation When the tool is withdrawn, the blades close and the soil is trapped and removed Figure 3.50 (Continued) Continuous flight auger piles Continuous flight auger (CFA) piles are formed using hollow stem auger boring techniques. The auger has a hollow central tube surrounded by a continuous thread. The helical cutting edge is continuous along the full length of the auger. The hollow tube that runs down the centre of the shaft is used for pumping concrete into the hole as the cutting device is withdrawn (Figure 3.51 and Photograph 3.8). As the CFA rig cuts into the ground, arisings are brought to the surface. The arisings allow the soil to be inspected at regular intervals, giving an indication of the strata below the surface. Once the rig has produced a bore to a calculated depth, through known strata, the auger is steadily withdrawn as concrete is pumped under pressure through the hollow stem. The concrete simultaneously fills the void left by the auger as it is extracted. The concrete reinforcement cage is pushed into the bore after
Ground Stability, Foundations and Substructures 121 (a) (b) Photograph 3.7 (a) Piling rig with auger and kelly bar. (b) Bored cast-in-place pile with steel sleeve excavation support. (c) Core barrel with trap for excavating granular. (d) Core barrel with bullet cutting teeth for cutting through rock. (e) Auger for cohesive soils. (f) Reinforcement cage for pile.
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BARRY’S ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION OF
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This edition first published 2014 T
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vi Contents 6 Structural Concrete F
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Acknowledgements Over the years our
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1 Introduction In Barry’s Introdu
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Introduction 3 Photograph 1.1 Frame
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Introduction 5 (2) Positional toler
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Introduction 7 some of the factors
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Introduction 9 Photograph 1.2 Artif
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Introduction 11 on legislation, oth
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Introduction 13 allow for innovatio
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2 Scaffolding, Façade Retention an
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Scaffolding, Façade Retention and
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3 Ground Stability, Foundations and
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Single-Storey Frames, Shells and Li
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Portal rafter Plate welded to rafte
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Zed purlins Washer plate bolted to
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Sheeting rails for cladding Steel r
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Photograph 4.12 Lattice column to b
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Side lap of sheeting Sheeting screw
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Outline of straight line limited hy
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5 Structural Steel Frames Structura
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Structural Steel Frames 275 penetra
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Structural Steel Frames 277 calcula
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Structural Steel Frames 279 The lim
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Structural Steel Frames 281 420.5-
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Structural Steel Frames 283 no stro
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Structural Steel Frames 285 Channel
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One-way span floor and roof slabs R
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Structural Steel Frames 289 A disad
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Structural Steel Frames 291 Rib bea
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Structural Steel Frames 293 Timber
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Structural Steel Frames 295 Horizon
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Structural Steel Frames 297 Concret
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Beam End plate welded to beam Colum
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Structural Steel Frames 301 Cap pla
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Structural Steel Frames 303 Bearing
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Structural Steel Frames 305 Bolt fa
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Structural Steel Frames 307 Electro
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Structural Steel Frames 309 Types o
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Structural Steel Frames 311 Weld fa
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Structural Steel Frames 313 beam en
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Structural Steel Frames 315 Column
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A timber profile is cut to the same
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Structural Steel Frames 319 Square
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Structural Steel Frames 321 for a s
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Structural Steel Frames 323 Photogr
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Structural Steel Frames 327 Column
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Structural Steel Frames 329 Strengt
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Structural Steel Frames 331 Figure
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Structural Steel Frames 333 Floor b
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Structural Steel Frames 335 50 or 7
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Structural Steel Frames 339 rating,
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Structural Steel Frames 341 The adv
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Structural Steel Frames 343 Shear s
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Structural Concrete Frames 345 ❏
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Structural Concrete Frames 347 Work
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Structural Concrete Frames 349 6.2
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Structural Concrete Frames 351 is o
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Structural Concrete Frames 353 plac
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Structural Concrete Frames 355 Comp
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Structural Concrete Frames 357 Beam
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Structural Concrete Frames 359 cant
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Structural Concrete Frames 361 Clos
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Structural Concrete Frames 363 Rein
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Structural Concrete Frames 365 Stee
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Structural Concrete Frames 367 Sold
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Structural Concrete Frames 369 Hand
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Structural Concrete Frames 371 Conc
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Structural Concrete Frames 373 Edge
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Figure 6.23 Prop and deck floor pos
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Structural Concrete Frames 377 Main
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Structural Concrete Frames 379 Edge
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Handrail protects workers when pour
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Structural Concrete Frames 383 calc
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Structural Concrete Frames 385 Wire
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Structural Concrete Frames 387 Thru
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Structural Concrete Frames 389 ❏
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Structural Concrete Frames 391 Expo
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Structural Concrete Frames 393 Balc
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Structural Concrete Frames 395 In s
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Structural Concrete Frames 401 comp
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Structural Concrete Frames 403 Stee
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Structural Concrete Frames 405 The
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Structural Concrete Frames 407 Wrap
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Structural Concrete Frames 409 alte
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7 Cladding and Curtain Wall Constru
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Cladding and Curtain Wall Construct
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Stainless steel restraint cramps fi
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15 mm Cladding and Curtain Wall Con
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Roof support Roof or eaves level La
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Prefabrication and Off-Site Product
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The finished hospital looks no diff
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Lifts and Escalators 515 ❏ ❏
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Lifts and Escalators 517 will be bu
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Lifts and Escalators 519 hydraulic
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Lifts and Escalators 521 ❏ ❏
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Lifts and Escalators 523 FFL Lift c
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Lifts and Escalators 525 Climbing f
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Lifts and Escalators 527 Above 30 m
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Lifts and Escalators 529 Photograph
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Fit Out and Second Fix 531 cabinets
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Fit Out and Second Fix 533 ❏ ❏
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Fit Out and Second Fix 535 Four-way
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Fit Out and Second Fix 537 Services
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Fit Out and Second Fix 539 Wire han
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Fit Out and Second Fix 541 tiles ar
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Fit Out and Second Fix 543 Metal st
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Fit Out and Second Fix 545 Multiple
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11 Building Obsolescence and Revita
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Building Obsolescence and Revitalis
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Appendix B: Additional References C
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Index Access from heights, 42 Acces
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Index 567 Innovation, 505 Inspectio
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Index 569 Suspended frameless glazi
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