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268 Barry’s Advanced Construction of Buildings Conoid and hyperboloid shell roofs Reinforced concrete conoid shell In this shell form, the curvature and rise of the shell increases from a shallow curve to a steeply curved end in which the north light glazing is fixed, as illustrated in Figure 4.99. The glazed end of each shell consists of a reinforced concrete or steel lattice, which serves as a stiffening beam to resist deformation of the shell. Edge beams resist spreading of the shell as previously described. Hyperbolic paraboloid shells The hyperbolic paraboloid shells provide dramatic shapes and structural possibilities of doubly curved shells (see Photograph 4.26). The name hyperbolic paraboloid comes from the geometry of the shape: the horizontal sections through the surface are hyperbolas and the vertical sections parabolas, as illustrated in Figure 4.107 and Figure 4.108. The structural significance of this shape is that at every point on the surface, straight lines, which lie in the surface, intersect so that in effect, the surface is made up of a network of intersecting straight lines. Thus the centring (formwork) can consist of thin straight sections of timber, which are simple to fix and support. Reinforced concrete hyperbolic paraboloid shell Figure 4.109 illustrates an umbrella roof formed from four hyperbolic paraboloid surfaces supported on one column. The small section reinforcing mesh in the surface of the shell Photograph 4.26 Hyperbolic paraboloid shell roof.
Outline of straight line limited hyperbolic paraboloid E Parabola ABC A B D C Outline of hyperbolic paraboloid (saddle) surface Figure 4.107 Hyperbolic paraboloid (saddle) surface. Straight line limited hyperbolic paraboloids D c a D c a A C A C b Horizontal square ABCD B Three corners raised different heights B Two corners raised the same height Straight line hyperbolic paraboloids a c D D c A C A C B One corner raised B Two corners raised different heights Figure 4.108 Setting out straight line limited hyperbolic paraboloid surfaces on a square base.
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BARRY’S ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION OF
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This edition first published 2014 T
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vi Contents 6 Structural Concrete F
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Acknowledgements Over the years our
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1 Introduction In Barry’s Introdu
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Introduction 3 Photograph 1.1 Frame
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Introduction 5 (2) Positional toler
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Introduction 7 some of the factors
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Introduction 9 Photograph 1.2 Artif
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Introduction 11 on legislation, oth
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Introduction 13 allow for innovatio
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2 Scaffolding, Façade Retention an
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Scaffolding, Façade Retention and
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3 Ground Stability, Foundations and
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Ground Stability, Foundations and S
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Where the ground is susceptible to
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Heavy pad reinforcement Reinforceme
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Photograph 3.3 Driven precast concr
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(a) (b) Photograph 3.6 (a) A drop a
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Working direction Hopper and cellul
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Infill concrete packing applies pre
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Reinforced structural concrete base
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4 Single-Storey Frames, Shells and
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Single-Storey Frames, Shells and Li
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Portal rafter Plate welded to rafte
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Zed purlins Washer plate bolted to
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Sheeting rails for cladding Steel r
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Photograph 4.12 Lattice column to b
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Page 229 and 230: Single-Storey Frames, Shells and Li
Page 231 and 232: Side lap of sheeting Sheeting screw
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Page 285 and 286: 5 Structural Steel Frames Structura
Page 287 and 288: Structural Steel Frames 275 penetra
Page 289 and 290: Structural Steel Frames 277 calcula
Page 291 and 292: Structural Steel Frames 279 The lim
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Page 297 and 298: Structural Steel Frames 285 Channel
Page 299 and 300: One-way span floor and roof slabs R
Page 301 and 302: Structural Steel Frames 289 A disad
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Page 305 and 306: Structural Steel Frames 293 Timber
Page 307 and 308: Structural Steel Frames 295 Horizon
Page 309 and 310: Structural Steel Frames 297 Concret
Page 311 and 312: Beam End plate welded to beam Colum
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Page 315 and 316: Structural Steel Frames 303 Bearing
Page 317 and 318: Structural Steel Frames 305 Bolt fa
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Page 321 and 322: Structural Steel Frames 309 Types o
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Structural Steel Frames 319 Square
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Structural Steel Frames 321 for a s
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Structural Steel Frames 323 Photogr
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Structural Steel Frames 327 Column
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Structural Steel Frames 329 Strengt
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Structural Steel Frames 331 Figure
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Structural Steel Frames 333 Floor b
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Structural Steel Frames 335 50 or 7
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Structural Steel Frames 339 rating,
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Structural Steel Frames 341 The adv
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Structural Steel Frames 343 Shear s
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Structural Concrete Frames 345 ❏
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Structural Concrete Frames 347 Work
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Structural Concrete Frames 349 6.2
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Structural Concrete Frames 351 is o
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Structural Concrete Frames 353 plac
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Structural Concrete Frames 355 Comp
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Structural Concrete Frames 357 Beam
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Structural Concrete Frames 359 cant
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Structural Concrete Frames 361 Clos
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Structural Concrete Frames 363 Rein
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Structural Concrete Frames 365 Stee
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Structural Concrete Frames 367 Sold
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Structural Concrete Frames 369 Hand
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Structural Concrete Frames 371 Conc
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Structural Concrete Frames 373 Edge
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Figure 6.23 Prop and deck floor pos
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Structural Concrete Frames 377 Main
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Structural Concrete Frames 379 Edge
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Handrail protects workers when pour
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Structural Concrete Frames 383 calc
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Structural Concrete Frames 385 Wire
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Structural Concrete Frames 387 Thru
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Structural Concrete Frames 389 ❏
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Structural Concrete Frames 391 Expo
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Structural Concrete Frames 393 Balc
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Structural Concrete Frames 395 In s
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Structural Concrete Frames 401 comp
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Structural Concrete Frames 403 Stee
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Structural Concrete Frames 405 The
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Structural Concrete Frames 407 Wrap
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Structural Concrete Frames 409 alte
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7 Cladding and Curtain Wall Constru
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Cladding and Curtain Wall Construct
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Stainless steel restraint cramps fi
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15 mm Cladding and Curtain Wall Con
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Roof support Roof or eaves level La
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Prefabrication and Off-Site Product
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The finished hospital looks no diff
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Lifts and Escalators 515 ❏ ❏
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Lifts and Escalators 517 will be bu
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Lifts and Escalators 519 hydraulic
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Lifts and Escalators 521 ❏ ❏
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Lifts and Escalators 523 FFL Lift c
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Lifts and Escalators 525 Climbing f
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Lifts and Escalators 527 Above 30 m
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Lifts and Escalators 529 Photograph
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Fit Out and Second Fix 531 cabinets
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Fit Out and Second Fix 533 ❏ ❏
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Fit Out and Second Fix 535 Four-way
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Fit Out and Second Fix 537 Services
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Fit Out and Second Fix 539 Wire han
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Fit Out and Second Fix 541 tiles ar
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Fit Out and Second Fix 543 Metal st
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Fit Out and Second Fix 545 Multiple
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11 Building Obsolescence and Revita
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Building Obsolescence and Revitalis
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Appendix B: Additional References C
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Index Access from heights, 42 Acces
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Index 567 Innovation, 505 Inspectio
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Index 569 Suspended frameless glazi
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