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Photograph 3.20 Clamshell excavating diaphragm wall (courtesy of D. Highfield). Revolving cutting head used to make interlocking joints Guide wall Figure 3.78 Diaphragm walls – hydrofraise cutting rigs (adapted from Bachy Soletanche, http://www.bacsol.co.uk).
4 Single-Storey Frames, Shells and Lightweight Coverings This chapter describes the construction of single-storey buildings such as sheds, warehouses, factories, lightweight mast and fabric structures, and other buildings, generally built on one floor and constructed with a structural frame of steel or reinforced concrete supporting lightweight roof and wall coverings (see also Chapters 5–7). A large proportion of the buildings in this category are constructed to serve a very specific purpose for a relatively short period of time, after which the market and hence the required performance of the building will have changed. It is not uncommon for sheds and warehouses to have a specified design life of between 15 and 30 years. After this time, the building is demolished or deconstructed and materials recovered, reused and recycled. Alternatively (and less likely) considerable works of repair and renewal are required to maintain minimum standards of comfort and appearance. As a consequence, the materials used are selected primarily for economy of initial cost, tend to have limited durability and are often prone to damage in use. In traditional building forms, one material could serve several functional requirements; e.g. a solid loadbearing brick wall provides strength, stability, exclusion of wind and rain, resistance to fire, and to a small extent thermal and sound insulation. In contrast the materials used in the construction of lightweight structures are, in the main, selected to perform specific functions. For example, steel sheeting is used as a weather envelope and to support imposed loads, layers of insulation for thermal and sound resistance, thin plastic sheets for daylight, and a slender frame to support the envelope and imposed loads. The inclusion of one material for a specific purpose is likely to have a significant impact on the performance of adjacent materials; thus the designer needs to look at the performance of individual materials and the performance of the whole assembly. 4.1 Lattice truss, beam, portal frame and flat roof structures To reduce the volume of roof space that has to be heated and also to reduce the visual impact of the roof area, it is common practice to construct single-storey buildings with low-pitch roof frames, either as portal frames or as lattice beam or rafter frames (Figure 4.1). The pitch may be as low as 2.5°. Alternatively flat roof structures may be used. Barry’s Advanced Construction of Buildings, Third Edition. Stephen Emmitt and Christopher A. Gorse. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 163
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BARRY’S ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION OF
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This edition first published 2014 T
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vi Contents 6 Structural Concrete F
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Acknowledgements Over the years our
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1 Introduction In Barry’s Introdu
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Introduction 3 Photograph 1.1 Frame
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Introduction 5 (2) Positional toler
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Introduction 7 some of the factors
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Introduction 9 Photograph 1.2 Artif
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Introduction 11 on legislation, oth
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Introduction 13 allow for innovatio
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2 Scaffolding, Façade Retention an
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Scaffolding, Façade Retention and
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3 Ground Stability, Foundations and
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Ground Stability, Foundations and S
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Where the ground is susceptible to
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Heavy pad reinforcement Reinforceme
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Photograph 3.3 Driven precast concr
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Single-Storey Frames, Shells and Li
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Side lap of sheeting Sheeting screw
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Outline of straight line limited hy
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5 Structural Steel Frames Structura
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Structural Steel Frames 275 penetra
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Structural Steel Frames 277 calcula
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Structural Steel Frames 279 The lim
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Structural Steel Frames 281 420.5-
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Structural Steel Frames 283 no stro
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Structural Steel Frames 285 Channel
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One-way span floor and roof slabs R
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Structural Steel Frames 289 A disad
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Structural Steel Frames 291 Rib bea
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Structural Steel Frames 293 Timber
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Structural Steel Frames 295 Horizon
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Structural Steel Frames 297 Concret
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Beam End plate welded to beam Colum
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Structural Steel Frames 301 Cap pla
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Structural Steel Frames 303 Bearing
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Structural Steel Frames 305 Bolt fa
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Structural Steel Frames 307 Electro
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Structural Steel Frames 309 Types o
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Structural Steel Frames 311 Weld fa
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Structural Steel Frames 313 beam en
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Structural Steel Frames 315 Column
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A timber profile is cut to the same
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Structural Steel Frames 319 Square
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Structural Steel Frames 321 for a s
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Structural Steel Frames 323 Photogr
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Structural Steel Frames 327 Column
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Structural Steel Frames 329 Strengt
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Structural Steel Frames 331 Figure
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Structural Steel Frames 333 Floor b
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Structural Steel Frames 335 50 or 7
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Structural Steel Frames 339 rating,
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Structural Steel Frames 341 The adv
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Structural Steel Frames 343 Shear s
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Structural Concrete Frames 345 ❏
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Structural Concrete Frames 347 Work
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Structural Concrete Frames 349 6.2
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Structural Concrete Frames 351 is o
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Structural Concrete Frames 353 plac
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Structural Concrete Frames 355 Comp
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Structural Concrete Frames 357 Beam
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Structural Concrete Frames 359 cant
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Structural Concrete Frames 361 Clos
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Structural Concrete Frames 363 Rein
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Structural Concrete Frames 365 Stee
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Structural Concrete Frames 367 Sold
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Structural Concrete Frames 369 Hand
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Structural Concrete Frames 371 Conc
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Structural Concrete Frames 373 Edge
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Figure 6.23 Prop and deck floor pos
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Structural Concrete Frames 377 Main
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Structural Concrete Frames 379 Edge
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Handrail protects workers when pour
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Structural Concrete Frames 383 calc
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Structural Concrete Frames 385 Wire
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Structural Concrete Frames 387 Thru
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Structural Concrete Frames 389 ❏
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Structural Concrete Frames 391 Expo
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Structural Concrete Frames 393 Balc
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Structural Concrete Frames 395 In s
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Structural Concrete Frames 401 comp
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Structural Concrete Frames 403 Stee
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Structural Concrete Frames 405 The
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Structural Concrete Frames 407 Wrap
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Structural Concrete Frames 409 alte
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7 Cladding and Curtain Wall Constru
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Cladding and Curtain Wall Construct
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Stainless steel restraint cramps fi
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15 mm Cladding and Curtain Wall Con
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Roof support Roof or eaves level La
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Prefabrication and Off-Site Product
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The finished hospital looks no diff
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Lifts and Escalators 515 ❏ ❏
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Lifts and Escalators 517 will be bu
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Lifts and Escalators 519 hydraulic
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Lifts and Escalators 521 ❏ ❏
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Lifts and Escalators 523 FFL Lift c
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Lifts and Escalators 525 Climbing f
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Lifts and Escalators 527 Above 30 m
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Lifts and Escalators 529 Photograph
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Fit Out and Second Fix 531 cabinets
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Fit Out and Second Fix 533 ❏ ❏
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Fit Out and Second Fix 535 Four-way
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Fit Out and Second Fix 537 Services
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Fit Out and Second Fix 539 Wire han
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Fit Out and Second Fix 541 tiles ar
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Fit Out and Second Fix 543 Metal st
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Fit Out and Second Fix 545 Multiple
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11 Building Obsolescence and Revita
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Building Obsolescence and Revitalis
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Appendix B: Additional References C
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Index Access from heights, 42 Acces
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Index 567 Innovation, 505 Inspectio
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Index 569 Suspended frameless glazi
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