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282 Barry’s Advanced Construction of Buildings 424.1 mm 395.0 mm Same profile for both sections 18.5 mm 47.6 mm 381.0 mm 474.7 mm Figure 5.4 Universal columns. The halves of cut beam are welded together to form castella beam 1.08 D Void 1 /4 D 1.5D Weld 0.83 D 1 /2 D D 60 ° Web of standard beam is cut along castellated line Figure 5.5 Castella beam. Castella beam An open web beam can be fabricated by cutting the web of a standard section mild steel beam along a castellated line illustrated in Figure 5.5. The two cut sections of the beam are then welded together to form an open web, castellated beam, which is one and a half times the depth of the beam from which it was formed. Because of the increase in depth, the castella beam will suffer less deflection (bending) under light loads. The castella beam is
Structural Steel Frames 283 no stronger than the beam from which it was cut but will suffer less deflection under load. The increase in cost due to fabrication and the reduction in weight of the beam as compared to a solid web beam of the same depth and section justify the use of these beams for longspan, lightly loaded beams particularly for roofs. The voids in the web of these beams are convenient for housing runs of electrical and heating services. Steel tubes A range of seamless and welded seam steel tubes is manufactured for use as columns, struts and ties. The use of these tubes as columns is limited by the difficulty of making beam connections to a round section column. These round sections are the most efficient and compact structural sections available and are extensively used in the fabrication of lattice girders, columns, frames, roof decks and trusses for economy, appearance and comparative freedom from dust traps. Connections are generally made by scribing the ends of the tube to fit around the round sections to which they are welded. For long-span members such as roof trusses, bolted plate connections are made at mid-span for convenience in transporting and erecting long-span members in sections. Hollow rectangular and square sections Hollow rectangular and square steel sections are made from hollow round sections of steel tube, which are heated until they are sufficiently malleable to be deformed. The heated tubes are passed through a series of rollers, which progressively change the shape of the tube to square or rectangular sections with rounded edges, as illustrated in Figure 5.6. To provide different wall thicknesses, the heated tube can be gradually stretched. The advantage of these sections is that they are ideal for use as columns as the material is uniformly disposed around the long axis, and the square or rectangular section facilitates beam connections. Hollow square and rectangular sections are much used as the members of lattice roof trusses and lightly loaded framed structures with the square sections for columns and the rectangular sections as beams. The economy in material and the neat appearance of the sections, which with welded connections have a more elegant appearance than angle Circular hollow sections from 21.3 to 457 mm outside diameter Figure 5.6 Hollow steel sections. Square hollow sections from 20 × 22 to 400 × 400 mm Rectangular hollow sections from 50 × 30 to 450 × 250 mm
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BARRY’S ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION OF
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This edition first published 2014 T
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vi Contents 6 Structural Concrete F
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Acknowledgements Over the years our
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1 Introduction In Barry’s Introdu
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Introduction 3 Photograph 1.1 Frame
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Introduction 5 (2) Positional toler
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Introduction 7 some of the factors
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Introduction 9 Photograph 1.2 Artif
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Introduction 11 on legislation, oth
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Introduction 13 allow for innovatio
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2 Scaffolding, Façade Retention an
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Scaffolding, Façade Retention and
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3 Ground Stability, Foundations and
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Ground Stability, Foundations and S
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Where the ground is susceptible to
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Heavy pad reinforcement Reinforceme
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Photograph 3.3 Driven precast concr
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(a) (b) Photograph 3.6 (a) A drop a
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Working direction Hopper and cellul
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Infill concrete packing applies pre
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Reinforced structural concrete base
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4 Single-Storey Frames, Shells and
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Single-Storey Frames, Shells and Li
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Portal rafter Plate welded to rafte
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Zed purlins Washer plate bolted to
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Sheeting rails for cladding Steel r
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Photograph 4.12 Lattice column to b
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Side lap of sheeting Sheeting screw
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Page 243 and 244: Single-Storey Frames, Shells and Li
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Page 287 and 288: Structural Steel Frames 275 penetra
Page 289 and 290: Structural Steel Frames 277 calcula
Page 291 and 292: Structural Steel Frames 279 The lim
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Page 297 and 298: Structural Steel Frames 285 Channel
Page 299 and 300: One-way span floor and roof slabs R
Page 301 and 302: Structural Steel Frames 289 A disad
Page 303 and 304: Structural Steel Frames 291 Rib bea
Page 305 and 306: Structural Steel Frames 293 Timber
Page 307 and 308: Structural Steel Frames 295 Horizon
Page 309 and 310: Structural Steel Frames 297 Concret
Page 311 and 312: Beam End plate welded to beam Colum
Page 313 and 314: Structural Steel Frames 301 Cap pla
Page 315 and 316: Structural Steel Frames 303 Bearing
Page 317 and 318: Structural Steel Frames 305 Bolt fa
Page 319 and 320: Structural Steel Frames 307 Electro
Page 321 and 322: Structural Steel Frames 309 Types o
Page 323 and 324: Structural Steel Frames 311 Weld fa
Page 325 and 326: Structural Steel Frames 313 beam en
Page 327 and 328: Structural Steel Frames 315 Column
Page 329 and 330: A timber profile is cut to the same
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Page 335 and 336: Structural Steel Frames 323 Photogr
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Page 339 and 340: Structural Steel Frames 327 Column
Page 341 and 342: Structural Steel Frames 329 Strengt
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Structural Steel Frames 333 Floor b
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Structural Steel Frames 335 50 or 7
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Structural Steel Frames 337 Photogr
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Structural Steel Frames 339 rating,
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Structural Steel Frames 341 The adv
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Structural Steel Frames 343 Shear s
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Structural Concrete Frames 345 ❏
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Structural Concrete Frames 347 Work
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Structural Concrete Frames 349 6.2
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Structural Concrete Frames 351 is o
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Structural Concrete Frames 353 plac
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Structural Concrete Frames 355 Comp
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Structural Concrete Frames 357 Beam
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Structural Concrete Frames 359 cant
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Structural Concrete Frames 361 Clos
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Structural Concrete Frames 363 Rein
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Structural Concrete Frames 365 Stee
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Structural Concrete Frames 367 Sold
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Structural Concrete Frames 369 Hand
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Structural Concrete Frames 371 Conc
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Structural Concrete Frames 373 Edge
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Figure 6.23 Prop and deck floor pos
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Structural Concrete Frames 377 Main
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Structural Concrete Frames 379 Edge
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Handrail protects workers when pour
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Structural Concrete Frames 383 calc
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Structural Concrete Frames 385 Wire
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Structural Concrete Frames 387 Thru
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Structural Concrete Frames 389 ❏
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Structural Concrete Frames 391 Expo
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Structural Concrete Frames 393 Balc
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Structural Concrete Frames 395 In s
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Structural Concrete Frames 401 comp
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Structural Concrete Frames 403 Stee
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Structural Concrete Frames 405 The
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Structural Concrete Frames 407 Wrap
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Structural Concrete Frames 409 alte
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7 Cladding and Curtain Wall Constru
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Cladding and Curtain Wall Construct
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Stainless steel restraint cramps fi
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15 mm Cladding and Curtain Wall Con
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Roof support Roof or eaves level La
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Prefabrication and Off-Site Product
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The finished hospital looks no diff
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Lifts and Escalators 515 ❏ ❏
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Lifts and Escalators 517 will be bu
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Lifts and Escalators 519 hydraulic
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Lifts and Escalators 521 ❏ ❏
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Lifts and Escalators 523 FFL Lift c
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Lifts and Escalators 525 Climbing f
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Lifts and Escalators 527 Above 30 m
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Lifts and Escalators 529 Photograph
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Fit Out and Second Fix 531 cabinets
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Fit Out and Second Fix 533 ❏ ❏
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Fit Out and Second Fix 535 Four-way
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Fit Out and Second Fix 537 Services
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Fit Out and Second Fix 539 Wire han
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Fit Out and Second Fix 541 tiles ar
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Fit Out and Second Fix 543 Metal st
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Fit Out and Second Fix 545 Multiple
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11 Building Obsolescence and Revita
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Building Obsolescence and Revitalis
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Appendix B: Additional References C
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Index Access from heights, 42 Acces
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Index 567 Innovation, 505 Inspectio
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Index 569 Suspended frameless glazi
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