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Baffle hung in grooves in joint Foam strip air seal Ribs Support rib 15 mm Floor Foam strip as air seal Flashing at junction of joints Figure 7.28 Horizontal open drained joint. Baffle hung in grooves in edges of units Flashing dressed over cladding Open drained vertical joint between cladding units Structural beam Figure 7.29 Vertical open drained joint.
Cladding and Curtain Wall Construction 449 The open drained joint is designed to collect most of the rain in the outer zone of the joint in front of the baffle, which acts as a barrier to rain that may run or be forced into the joint by wind pressure. The baffle is hung in the joint so that to an extent there is a degree of air pressure equalisation on each side of the baffle due to the air seal at the back of the joint. This air pressure equalisation acts as a check to wind-driven rain that would otherwise be forced past the baffle if it were a close fit and there were no air seal at the back of the joint. At the base of each open drained joint, there is a lead flashing, illustrated in Figure 7.28 and Figure 7.29, which serves as a barrier to rain at the most vulnerable point of the intersection of horizontal and vertical joints. As cladding panels are fixed, the baffle in the upper joints is overlapped outside the baffle of the lower units. Where there is a cavity between the back of the cladding units and an inner system of solid block walls or framing for insulation, air seals can be fitted between the frame and the cladding units. It is accepted that the system of open joints between units is not a complete barrier to rain. The effectiveness of the joint depends on the degree of exposure to driving rain, the degree of accuracy in the manufacture and assembly of the system of walling, and the surface finish of the cladding units. Smooth faced units will tend to encourage driven rain to sheet across and up the face of the units, and so cause a greater pressure of rain in joints than there would be with a coarse textured finish, which will disperse driven rain and wind, and so reduce pressure on joints. The backs of cladding panels will tend to collect moisture by possible penetration of rain through joints and from condensation of moisture-laden air from outside and warm moist air from inside by vapour pressure, which will condense on the inner face of panels. Condensation can be reduced by the use of a moisture vapour check on the warm side of insulation as a protection against interstitial condensation in the insulation and as a check to warm moist air penetrating to the cold inner face of panels. Precast concrete cladding panels are sometimes cast with narrow weepholes, from the top edge of the lower horizontal ribs out to the face, in the anticipation that condensate water from the back of the units will drain down and outside. The near certainty of these small holes becoming blocked by wind-blown debris makes their use questionable. Attempts have been made to include insulating material in the construction of precast cladding, either as a sandwich with the insulation cast between two skins of concrete or as an inner lining fixed to the back of the cladding. These methods of improving the thermal properties of concrete are rarely successful because of the considerable section of the thermal bridge of the dense concrete horizontal and vertical ribs that are unavoidable, and the likelihood of condensate water adversely affecting some insulating materials. It has to be accepted that there will be a thermal bridge across the horizontal support rib of each cladding panel that has to be in contact with the structural frame. The most straightforward and effective method of improving the thermal properties of a wall structure clad with precast concrete panels is to accept the precast cladding as a solid, strong, durable barrier to rain with good acoustic and fire-resistance properties and to build a separate system of inside finish with good thermal properties. Lightweight concrete blocks by themselves, or with the addition of an insulating lining, at once provide an acceptable internal finish and thermal properties. Block wall inner linings should be constructed independently of the cladding panels and structural members, as far as practical, to reduce interruptions of the inner lining, as illustrated in Figure 7.3.
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BARRY’S ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION OF
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This edition first published 2014 T
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vi Contents 6 Structural Concrete F
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Acknowledgements Over the years our
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1 Introduction In Barry’s Introdu
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Introduction 3 Photograph 1.1 Frame
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Introduction 5 (2) Positional toler
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Introduction 7 some of the factors
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Introduction 9 Photograph 1.2 Artif
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Introduction 11 on legislation, oth
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Introduction 13 allow for innovatio
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2 Scaffolding, Façade Retention an
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Scaffolding, Façade Retention and
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3 Ground Stability, Foundations and
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Ground Stability, Foundations and S
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Where the ground is susceptible to
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Heavy pad reinforcement Reinforceme
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Photograph 3.3 Driven precast concr
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(a) (b) Photograph 3.6 (a) A drop a
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Working direction Hopper and cellul
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Infill concrete packing applies pre
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Reinforced structural concrete base
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4 Single-Storey Frames, Shells and
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Single-Storey Frames, Shells and Li
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Portal rafter Plate welded to rafte
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Zed purlins Washer plate bolted to
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Sheeting rails for cladding Steel r
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Photograph 4.12 Lattice column to b
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Side lap of sheeting Sheeting screw
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Outline of straight line limited hy
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5 Structural Steel Frames Structura
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Structural Steel Frames 275 penetra
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Structural Steel Frames 277 calcula
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Structural Steel Frames 279 The lim
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Structural Steel Frames 281 420.5-
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Structural Steel Frames 283 no stro
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Structural Steel Frames 285 Channel
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One-way span floor and roof slabs R
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Structural Steel Frames 289 A disad
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Structural Steel Frames 291 Rib bea
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Structural Steel Frames 293 Timber
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Structural Steel Frames 295 Horizon
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Structural Steel Frames 297 Concret
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Beam End plate welded to beam Colum
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Structural Steel Frames 301 Cap pla
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Structural Steel Frames 303 Bearing
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Structural Steel Frames 305 Bolt fa
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Structural Steel Frames 307 Electro
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Structural Steel Frames 309 Types o
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Structural Steel Frames 311 Weld fa
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Structural Steel Frames 313 beam en
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Structural Steel Frames 315 Column
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A timber profile is cut to the same
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Structural Steel Frames 319 Square
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Structural Steel Frames 321 for a s
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Structural Steel Frames 323 Photogr
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Structural Steel Frames 327 Column
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Structural Steel Frames 329 Strengt
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Structural Steel Frames 331 Figure
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Structural Steel Frames 333 Floor b
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Structural Steel Frames 335 50 or 7
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Structural Steel Frames 339 rating,
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Structural Steel Frames 341 The adv
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Structural Steel Frames 343 Shear s
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Structural Concrete Frames 345 ❏
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Structural Concrete Frames 347 Work
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Structural Concrete Frames 349 6.2
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Structural Concrete Frames 351 is o
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Structural Concrete Frames 353 plac
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Structural Concrete Frames 355 Comp
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Structural Concrete Frames 357 Beam
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Structural Concrete Frames 359 cant
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Structural Concrete Frames 361 Clos
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Structural Concrete Frames 363 Rein
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Structural Concrete Frames 365 Stee
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Structural Concrete Frames 367 Sold
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Structural Concrete Frames 369 Hand
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Structural Concrete Frames 371 Conc
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Structural Concrete Frames 373 Edge
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Figure 6.23 Prop and deck floor pos
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Structural Concrete Frames 377 Main
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Structural Concrete Frames 379 Edge
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Handrail protects workers when pour
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Structural Concrete Frames 383 calc
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Structural Concrete Frames 385 Wire
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Structural Concrete Frames 387 Thru
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Structural Concrete Frames 389 ❏
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Structural Concrete Frames 391 Expo
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Structural Concrete Frames 393 Balc
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Structural Concrete Frames 395 In s
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The finished hospital looks no diff
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Prefabrication and Off-Site Product
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Lifts and Escalators 515 ❏ ❏
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Lifts and Escalators 517 will be bu
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Lifts and Escalators 519 hydraulic
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Lifts and Escalators 521 ❏ ❏
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Lifts and Escalators 523 FFL Lift c
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Lifts and Escalators 525 Climbing f
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Lifts and Escalators 527 Above 30 m
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Lifts and Escalators 529 Photograph
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Fit Out and Second Fix 531 cabinets
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Fit Out and Second Fix 533 ❏ ❏
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Fit Out and Second Fix 535 Four-way
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Fit Out and Second Fix 537 Services
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Fit Out and Second Fix 539 Wire han
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Fit Out and Second Fix 541 tiles ar
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Fit Out and Second Fix 543 Metal st
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Fit Out and Second Fix 545 Multiple
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11 Building Obsolescence and Revita
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Building Obsolescence and Revitalis
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Appendix B: Additional References C
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Index Access from heights, 42 Acces
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Index 567 Innovation, 505 Inspectio
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Index 569 Suspended frameless glazi
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