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286 Barry’s Advanced Construction of Buildings Photograph 5.2 Skeleton frame with concrete lift shaft core. Skeleton frame The conventional steel frame is constructed with hot-rolled section beams and columns in the form of a skeleton designed to support the whole of the imposed and dead loads of floors, external walling or cladding and wind pressure (Photograph 5.2). The arrangement of the columns is determined by the floor plans, horizontal and vertical circulation spaces and the requirements for natural light to penetrate the interior of the building. Figure 5.9 is an illustration of a typical rectangular grid skeleton steel frame. In general, the most economic arrangement of columns is on a regular rectangular grid with columns spaced at 3.0–4.0 m apart, parallel to the span of floors which bear on floor beams spanning up to 7.5 m with floors designed to span one way between main beams. This arrangement provides the smallest economic thickness of floor slab and least depth of floor beams, and therefore least height of building for a given clear height at each floor level. Figure 5.10 is an illustration of a typical small skeleton steel frame designed to support one-way span floors on main beams and beams to support solid walls at each floor level on the external faces of the building. This rectangular grid can be extended in both directions to provide the required floor area. Where comparatively closely spaced columns may obstruct internal floor space, a larger rectangular or square grid of columns is used. The columns support main beams, which in turn support secondary beams spaced at up to 4.5 m apart to carry one-way span floor slabs, as illustrated in Figure 5.11 and Photograph 5.3. This arrangement allows for the least span and thickness of floor slab and the least weight of construction.
One-way span floor and roof slabs Rectangular column grid Central access corridor Main beam One-way span floor slab Rectangular column grid Figure 5.9 Rectangular grid steel frame. Roof and floors span between main beams Main beams Column B A E D C Columns 3.5 m Beam to support solid wall C Columns 6.0 m 3.5 m 3.5 m 6.0 m Figure 5.10 Structural steel skeleton frame.
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BARRY’S ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION OF
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This edition first published 2014 T
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vi Contents 6 Structural Concrete F
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Acknowledgements Over the years our
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1 Introduction In Barry’s Introdu
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Introduction 3 Photograph 1.1 Frame
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Introduction 5 (2) Positional toler
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Introduction 7 some of the factors
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Introduction 9 Photograph 1.2 Artif
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Introduction 11 on legislation, oth
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Introduction 13 allow for innovatio
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2 Scaffolding, Façade Retention an
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Scaffolding, Façade Retention and
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3 Ground Stability, Foundations and
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Ground Stability, Foundations and S
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Where the ground is susceptible to
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Heavy pad reinforcement Reinforceme
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Photograph 3.3 Driven precast concr
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(a) (b) Photograph 3.6 (a) A drop a
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Working direction Hopper and cellul
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Infill concrete packing applies pre
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Reinforced structural concrete base
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4 Single-Storey Frames, Shells and
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Single-Storey Frames, Shells and Li
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Portal rafter Plate welded to rafte
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Zed purlins Washer plate bolted to
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Sheeting rails for cladding Steel r
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Photograph 4.12 Lattice column to b
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Side lap of sheeting Sheeting screw
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Page 247 and 248: Single-Storey Frames, Shells and Li
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Page 285 and 286: 5 Structural Steel Frames Structura
Page 287 and 288: Structural Steel Frames 275 penetra
Page 289 and 290: Structural Steel Frames 277 calcula
Page 291 and 292: Structural Steel Frames 279 The lim
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Page 295 and 296: Structural Steel Frames 283 no stro
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Page 305 and 306: Structural Steel Frames 293 Timber
Page 307 and 308: Structural Steel Frames 295 Horizon
Page 309 and 310: Structural Steel Frames 297 Concret
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Page 313 and 314: Structural Steel Frames 301 Cap pla
Page 315 and 316: Structural Steel Frames 303 Bearing
Page 317 and 318: Structural Steel Frames 305 Bolt fa
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Page 321 and 322: Structural Steel Frames 309 Types o
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Structural Steel Frames 337 Photogr
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Structural Steel Frames 339 rating,
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Structural Steel Frames 341 The adv
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Structural Steel Frames 343 Shear s
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Structural Concrete Frames 345 ❏
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Structural Concrete Frames 347 Work
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Structural Concrete Frames 349 6.2
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Structural Concrete Frames 351 is o
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Structural Concrete Frames 353 plac
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Structural Concrete Frames 355 Comp
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Structural Concrete Frames 357 Beam
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Structural Concrete Frames 359 cant
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Structural Concrete Frames 361 Clos
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Structural Concrete Frames 363 Rein
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Structural Concrete Frames 365 Stee
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Structural Concrete Frames 367 Sold
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Structural Concrete Frames 369 Hand
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Structural Concrete Frames 371 Conc
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Structural Concrete Frames 373 Edge
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Figure 6.23 Prop and deck floor pos
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Structural Concrete Frames 377 Main
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Structural Concrete Frames 379 Edge
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Handrail protects workers when pour
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Structural Concrete Frames 383 calc
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Structural Concrete Frames 385 Wire
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Structural Concrete Frames 387 Thru
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Structural Concrete Frames 389 ❏
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Structural Concrete Frames 391 Expo
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Structural Concrete Frames 393 Balc
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Structural Concrete Frames 395 In s
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Structural Concrete Frames 401 comp
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Structural Concrete Frames 403 Stee
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Structural Concrete Frames 405 The
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Structural Concrete Frames 407 Wrap
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Structural Concrete Frames 409 alte
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7 Cladding and Curtain Wall Constru
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Cladding and Curtain Wall Construct
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15 mm Cladding and Curtain Wall Con
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Roof support Roof or eaves level La
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Prefabrication and Off-Site Product
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The finished hospital looks no diff
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Lifts and Escalators 515 ❏ ❏
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Lifts and Escalators 517 will be bu
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Lifts and Escalators 519 hydraulic
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Lifts and Escalators 521 ❏ ❏
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Lifts and Escalators 523 FFL Lift c
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Lifts and Escalators 525 Climbing f
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Lifts and Escalators 527 Above 30 m
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Lifts and Escalators 529 Photograph
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Fit Out and Second Fix 531 cabinets
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Fit Out and Second Fix 533 ❏ ❏
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Fit Out and Second Fix 535 Four-way
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Fit Out and Second Fix 537 Services
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Fit Out and Second Fix 539 Wire han
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Fit Out and Second Fix 541 tiles ar
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Fit Out and Second Fix 543 Metal st
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Fit Out and Second Fix 545 Multiple
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11 Building Obsolescence and Revita
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Building Obsolescence and Revitalis
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Appendix B: Additional References C
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Index Access from heights, 42 Acces
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Index 567 Innovation, 505 Inspectio
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Index 569 Suspended frameless glazi
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