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376 Barry’s Advanced Construction of Buildings Concrete floor Deck beams sit on the drop head (lower head) Top head sits flush with plywood deck The lower head supports the aluminium beams and formwork Once the concrete has gained sufficient strength (1–3 days), the lower head can be unscrewed releasing the main bearers and formwork Only when the concrete has reached its design strength is the top head released and removed Upper head remains in place supporting the concrete Aluminium bearer with timber insert for fixing plywood deck The lower head of the prop can be dropped early, releasing the majority of the formworks 1.900–3.400 m long Figure 6.26 Double headed/drop head props. support mechanism is in two parts (Figure 6.26). At the head of the prop, a collar or outer tube supports the horizontal beams and the main shaft of the prop is in direct contact with the concrete floor. Because the collar, sleeve or head that holds the horizontal bearers can be lowered and released independently of the main head, the prop is often called a drop head prop (Figure 6.26 and Photograph 6.4). Depending on the depth of the concrete floor and the properties of the concrete, using drop head props can allow the majority of the horizontal support to be struck after one day. This is a considerable saving in time, compared with the four to seven days’ maturity normally required before removing the horizontal support. Because it is easy to assemble and can be quickly manoeuvred into position, table formwork is used to construct horizontal concrete surfaces. The tables are designed so that they can accommodate columns that would penetrate the decking (Figure 6.27). Table forms can be bolted or clipped together to provide the formwork for large horizontal surfaces (Figure 6.28 and Photograph 6.5).
Structural Concrete Frames 377 Main beams and secondary beams carried by drop head prop Adjustable prop Concrete floor at partial maturity Drop head (outer sleeve) can be released and the main and secondary beams removed Main head of the prop remains in contact with the concrete floor at all times, continuing to provide support until the concrete reaches full maturity Photograph 6.4 Drop head prop.
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BARRY’S ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION OF
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This edition first published 2014 T
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vi Contents 6 Structural Concrete F
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Acknowledgements Over the years our
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1 Introduction In Barry’s Introdu
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Introduction 3 Photograph 1.1 Frame
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Introduction 5 (2) Positional toler
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Introduction 7 some of the factors
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Introduction 9 Photograph 1.2 Artif
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Introduction 11 on legislation, oth
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Introduction 13 allow for innovatio
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2 Scaffolding, Façade Retention an
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Scaffolding, Façade Retention and
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3 Ground Stability, Foundations and
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Ground Stability, Foundations and S
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Where the ground is susceptible to
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Heavy pad reinforcement Reinforceme
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Photograph 3.3 Driven precast concr
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(a) (b) Photograph 3.6 (a) A drop a
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Working direction Hopper and cellul
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Infill concrete packing applies pre
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Reinforced structural concrete base
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4 Single-Storey Frames, Shells and
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Single-Storey Frames, Shells and Li
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Portal rafter Plate welded to rafte
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Zed purlins Washer plate bolted to
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Sheeting rails for cladding Steel r
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Photograph 4.12 Lattice column to b
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Side lap of sheeting Sheeting screw
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Outline of straight line limited hy
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5 Structural Steel Frames Structura
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Structural Steel Frames 275 penetra
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Structural Steel Frames 277 calcula
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Structural Steel Frames 279 The lim
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Structural Steel Frames 281 420.5-
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Structural Steel Frames 283 no stro
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Structural Steel Frames 285 Channel
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One-way span floor and roof slabs R
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Structural Steel Frames 289 A disad
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Structural Steel Frames 291 Rib bea
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Structural Steel Frames 293 Timber
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Structural Steel Frames 295 Horizon
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Structural Steel Frames 297 Concret
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Beam End plate welded to beam Colum
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Structural Steel Frames 301 Cap pla
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Structural Steel Frames 303 Bearing
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Structural Steel Frames 305 Bolt fa
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Structural Steel Frames 307 Electro
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Structural Steel Frames 309 Types o
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Structural Steel Frames 311 Weld fa
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Structural Steel Frames 313 beam en
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Structural Steel Frames 315 Column
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A timber profile is cut to the same
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Structural Steel Frames 319 Square
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Structural Steel Frames 321 for a s
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Structural Steel Frames 323 Photogr
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Cladding and Curtain Wall Construct
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Stainless steel restraint cramps fi
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15 mm Cladding and Curtain Wall Con
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Roof support Roof or eaves level La
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Prefabrication and Off-Site Product
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The finished hospital looks no diff
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Lifts and Escalators 515 ❏ ❏
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Lifts and Escalators 517 will be bu
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Lifts and Escalators 519 hydraulic
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Lifts and Escalators 521 ❏ ❏
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Lifts and Escalators 523 FFL Lift c
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Lifts and Escalators 525 Climbing f
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Lifts and Escalators 527 Above 30 m
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Lifts and Escalators 529 Photograph
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Fit Out and Second Fix 531 cabinets
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Fit Out and Second Fix 533 ❏ ❏
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Fit Out and Second Fix 535 Four-way
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Fit Out and Second Fix 537 Services
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Fit Out and Second Fix 539 Wire han
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Fit Out and Second Fix 541 tiles ar
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Fit Out and Second Fix 543 Metal st
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Fit Out and Second Fix 545 Multiple
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11 Building Obsolescence and Revita
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Building Obsolescence and Revitalis
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Appendix B: Additional References C
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Index Access from heights, 42 Acces
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Index 567 Innovation, 505 Inspectio
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Index 569 Suspended frameless glazi
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