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314 Barry’s Advanced Construction of Buildings Steel wedge holds the base in the correct line (position) Base plate welded to column (plate minimum 12 mm thick) Steel packing shims fix column at correct level Temporary bund wall (sand) Non-shrinkable grout fills void left below plate (liquid grout poured into voids) Void formed by cardboard or polystyrene cones, which allows ±20 mm horizontal tolerance is filled with grout Large washer fixed to bolt to prevent pull out Figure 5.39 Column base fixed to holding-down bolts. load, and to provide a means of fixing with holding-down bolts. The bases of steel columns are accurately machined so that they bear truly on the steel base plates to which they are welded. The three types of steel base plate that are used are the plate base, the gusseted plate base, and the slab or bloom base. For comparatively light loads, it is usual to use a 12 mm thick steel base plate fillet welded to the column. The thin plate is sufficient to spread the light loads over its area without buckling. The plate, illustrated in Figure 5.39 and Figure 5.40, is of sufficient area to provide holes for holding-down bolts. Prior to the column being positioned, the foundation base is checked for level, and steel shims are used to ensure that the base of the column sits at the required level. The column is hoisted into position over the concrete base so that it is plumb (vertical). The column is then lowered over the bolts. Because the bolts are cast with a void around them, which allow a small amount of moment (lateral tolerance), wedges are used to move the base into the correct position. The base is checked for line and level before being grouted in. A small bund wall of sand is then positioned around the column base and non-shrinking grout is then poured between the base and the foundation. The grout fills all the voids, including those made by the cones, which had allowed movement. Once the grout has set, the column is securely held in position.
Structural Steel Frames 315 Column Base plate Dry concrete Bolt box Hole for grout Figure 5.40 Column base plate. Column Steel base plate Fillet Welds Hole for grout Figure 5.41 Gusseted base plate. Steel gusset plate welded to column and base The purpose of the levelling concrete or grout that is run between the base plate and the concrete is to provide uniform contact between the level underside of the plate and the irregular surface of the concrete foundation. A wet (liquid) mix of self-levelling expanding cement is poured between the column and foundation, and a temporary bund wall is used to ensure that the liquid grout is contained. As the grout dries and hardens, it expands slightly. A gusseted base plate may also be used to spread the load of the column over a sufficient area of plate. The machined column base is fillet welded to the base plate and four shaped steel gusset plates are welded to the flanges of the column and the base plate, as illustrated in Figure 5.41. The gusset plates effectively spread the loads from the column over the area
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BARRY’S ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION OF
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This edition first published 2014 T
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vi Contents 6 Structural Concrete F
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Acknowledgements Over the years our
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1 Introduction In Barry’s Introdu
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Introduction 3 Photograph 1.1 Frame
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Introduction 5 (2) Positional toler
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Introduction 7 some of the factors
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Introduction 9 Photograph 1.2 Artif
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Introduction 11 on legislation, oth
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Introduction 13 allow for innovatio
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2 Scaffolding, Façade Retention an
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Scaffolding, Façade Retention and
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3 Ground Stability, Foundations and
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Ground Stability, Foundations and S
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Where the ground is susceptible to
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Heavy pad reinforcement Reinforceme
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Photograph 3.3 Driven precast concr
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(a) (b) Photograph 3.6 (a) A drop a
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Working direction Hopper and cellul
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Infill concrete packing applies pre
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Reinforced structural concrete base
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4 Single-Storey Frames, Shells and
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Single-Storey Frames, Shells and Li
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Portal rafter Plate welded to rafte
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Zed purlins Washer plate bolted to
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Sheeting rails for cladding Steel r
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Photograph 4.12 Lattice column to b
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Side lap of sheeting Sheeting screw
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Page 275 and 276: Single-Storey Frames, Shells and Li
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Page 287 and 288: Structural Steel Frames 275 penetra
Page 289 and 290: Structural Steel Frames 277 calcula
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Page 297 and 298: Structural Steel Frames 285 Channel
Page 299 and 300: One-way span floor and roof slabs R
Page 301 and 302: Structural Steel Frames 289 A disad
Page 303 and 304: Structural Steel Frames 291 Rib bea
Page 305 and 306: Structural Steel Frames 293 Timber
Page 307 and 308: Structural Steel Frames 295 Horizon
Page 309 and 310: Structural Steel Frames 297 Concret
Page 311 and 312: Beam End plate welded to beam Colum
Page 313 and 314: Structural Steel Frames 301 Cap pla
Page 315 and 316: Structural Steel Frames 303 Bearing
Page 317 and 318: Structural Steel Frames 305 Bolt fa
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Structural Concrete Frames 365 Stee
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Structural Concrete Frames 367 Sold
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Structural Concrete Frames 369 Hand
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Structural Concrete Frames 371 Conc
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Structural Concrete Frames 373 Edge
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Figure 6.23 Prop and deck floor pos
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Structural Concrete Frames 377 Main
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Structural Concrete Frames 379 Edge
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Handrail protects workers when pour
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Structural Concrete Frames 383 calc
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Structural Concrete Frames 385 Wire
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Structural Concrete Frames 387 Thru
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Structural Concrete Frames 389 ❏
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Structural Concrete Frames 391 Expo
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Structural Concrete Frames 393 Balc
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Structural Concrete Frames 395 In s
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Structural Concrete Frames 401 comp
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Structural Concrete Frames 403 Stee
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Structural Concrete Frames 405 The
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Structural Concrete Frames 407 Wrap
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Structural Concrete Frames 409 alte
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7 Cladding and Curtain Wall Constru
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Cladding and Curtain Wall Construct
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Stainless steel restraint cramps fi
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15 mm Cladding and Curtain Wall Con
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Roof support Roof or eaves level La
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Prefabrication and Off-Site Product
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The finished hospital looks no diff
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Lifts and Escalators 515 ❏ ❏
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Lifts and Escalators 517 will be bu
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Lifts and Escalators 519 hydraulic
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Lifts and Escalators 521 ❏ ❏
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Lifts and Escalators 523 FFL Lift c
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Lifts and Escalators 525 Climbing f
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Lifts and Escalators 527 Above 30 m
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Lifts and Escalators 529 Photograph
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Fit Out and Second Fix 531 cabinets
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Fit Out and Second Fix 533 ❏ ❏
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Fit Out and Second Fix 535 Four-way
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Fit Out and Second Fix 537 Services
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Fit Out and Second Fix 539 Wire han
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Fit Out and Second Fix 541 tiles ar
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Fit Out and Second Fix 543 Metal st
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Fit Out and Second Fix 545 Multiple
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11 Building Obsolescence and Revita
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Building Obsolescence and Revitalis
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Appendix B: Additional References C
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Index Access from heights, 42 Acces
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Index 567 Innovation, 505 Inspectio
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Index 569 Suspended frameless glazi
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