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214 Barry’s Advanced Construction of Buildings Barry’s Introduction to Construction of Buildings. Sheet metal may, in time, suffer corrosion from heavy condensation on the underside of the sheet. Ventilation to the space between the sheeting and the insulation, combined with a vapour check to the lining sheets, is the most effective way of minimising the risk of condensation. Fibre cement sheet is permeable to water vapour and thus provides less of a risk from condensation. Resistance to passage of sound The thin metal skin of profiled metal sheeting affords no appreciable resistance to sound penetration; thus insulation must be provided, usually via the thermal insulation materials and effective seals around the opening parts of doors and windows. If sound insulation is a primary performance requirement, it may be advantageous to adopt a denser form of enclosure, such as brick or concrete to help provide the necessary sound reduction. Security Many single-storey-framed buildings are only occupied during working hours and are vulnerable to damage by vandalism and forced entry, unless adequately protected through passive and active security measures. Apart from the obvious risk of forced entry through doors, windows and rooflights, there is a risk of entry by prising thin profiled sheeting from its fixing and so making an opening large enough to enter. Given that many buildings clad with steel sheeting are for warehousing purposes, this presents a serious challenge to the owners. Where the cost of the goods contained within is high and the likelihood of theft also high, it is wise to use a more solid form of wall construction, such as brick. Roofs are more difficult to protect, and some form of secondary protection is often used, such as a secondary steel cage under the roof (this is outside the scope of this book). Aesthetics Choice of an appropriate cladding for the building frame will also be determined by the appearance of the sheeting used and its ability to withstand weathering for a given timescale. Sheet profile and colour will be primary concerns, and a wide range of profiles and colours are available from manufacturers. Profiled steel sheeting The advantages of steel as a material for roof and wall sheeting are that its favourable strength-to-weight ratio and ductility make it both practical and economic to use comparatively thin, lightweight sheets that can be cold, roll formed to profiles with adequate strength and stiffness (Figure 4.49 and Figure 4.50). The disadvantage of steel as a sheeting material is that it suffers rapid and progressive corrosion unless protected. The corrosive process is a complex electrochemical action that depends on the characteristics of the metal, atmosphere and temperature, and is most destructive in conditions of persistent moisture, atmospheric pollution and where different metals are in contact. Typically steel is protected with a zinc coating by the hot dip galvanising process. Organic (plastic)-coated profiled steel sheets The majority of profiled sheets used today are coated with an organic plastic coating to provide a protective coating and to provide an attractive finish. The plastic coating is applied to the galvanised zinc-coated steel sheets to serve as a barrier to atmospheric cor-
Single-Storey Frames, Shells and Lightweight Coverings 215 Profiled steel sheeting fixed over insulation to roof purlins Zed purlin Insulation Figure 4.49 Cladding. rosion of the zinc, the erosive effect of wind and rain, and some degree of protection to damage during handling, fixing and in use. Colour is applied to the coated steel sheets by the addition of pigment to the coating material. There will be loss of colour, which tends not to be uniform over the whole sheet, especially on south-facing slopes over time. This spoils the appearance of the building, and cladding sheets may need to be replaced long before there is any danger of corrosion of the steel sheet. Light colours tend to exhibit better colour retention than darker colours. Four organic coatings are available, as described further. Polyvinyl chloride coatings This is the cheapest and most used of the organic plastic coatings (known as ‘plastisol’). The comparatively thick (200 μm) coating that is applied over the zinc coating provides good resistance to normal weathering agents. The material is ultraviolet stabilised to retard the degradation by ultraviolet light and the inevitable loss of colour. The durability of the coating is good as a protection for the zinc coating below, but the life expectancy of colour retention is between 10 and 20 years. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is an economic, tough, durable, scratch-resistant coating but has poor colour retention. Acrylic-polymethyl methacrylate This organic plastic is applied with heat under pressure as a laminate to galvanised zinc steel strip to a thickness of 75 μm. It forms a tough finish with high strength, good impact resistance and good resistance to damage in handling, fixing and in use. It has excellent chemical resistance and its good resistance to ultraviolet radiation gives a life expectancy of colour retention of up to 20 years. The hard smooth finish of this coating is particularly free from dirt staining. It costs about twice as much as PVC coatings [unplasticated polyvinyl chloride (uPVC)].
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BARRY’S ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION OF
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This edition first published 2014 T
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vi Contents 6 Structural Concrete F
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Acknowledgements Over the years our
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1 Introduction In Barry’s Introdu
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Introduction 3 Photograph 1.1 Frame
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Introduction 5 (2) Positional toler
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Introduction 7 some of the factors
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Introduction 9 Photograph 1.2 Artif
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Introduction 11 on legislation, oth
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Introduction 13 allow for innovatio
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2 Scaffolding, Façade Retention an
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Scaffolding, Façade Retention and
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3 Ground Stability, Foundations and
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Ground Stability, Foundations and S
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Where the ground is susceptible to
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Heavy pad reinforcement Reinforceme
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Photograph 3.3 Driven precast concr
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(a) (b) Photograph 3.6 (a) A drop a
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Working direction Hopper and cellul
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Infill concrete packing applies pre
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Reinforced structural concrete base
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Page 175 and 176: 4 Single-Storey Frames, Shells and
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Single-Storey Frames, Shells and Li
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Outline of straight line limited hy
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5 Structural Steel Frames Structura
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Structural Steel Frames 275 penetra
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Structural Steel Frames 277 calcula
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Structural Steel Frames 279 The lim
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Structural Steel Frames 281 420.5-
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Structural Steel Frames 283 no stro
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Structural Steel Frames 285 Channel
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One-way span floor and roof slabs R
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Structural Steel Frames 289 A disad
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Structural Steel Frames 291 Rib bea
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Structural Steel Frames 293 Timber
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Structural Steel Frames 295 Horizon
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Structural Steel Frames 297 Concret
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Beam End plate welded to beam Colum
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Structural Steel Frames 301 Cap pla
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Structural Steel Frames 303 Bearing
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Structural Steel Frames 305 Bolt fa
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Structural Steel Frames 307 Electro
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Structural Steel Frames 309 Types o
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Structural Steel Frames 311 Weld fa
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Structural Steel Frames 313 beam en
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Structural Steel Frames 315 Column
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A timber profile is cut to the same
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Structural Steel Frames 319 Square
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Structural Steel Frames 321 for a s
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Structural Steel Frames 323 Photogr
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Structural Steel Frames 327 Column
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Structural Steel Frames 329 Strengt
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Structural Steel Frames 331 Figure
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Structural Steel Frames 333 Floor b
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Structural Steel Frames 335 50 or 7
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Structural Steel Frames 339 rating,
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Structural Steel Frames 341 The adv
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Structural Steel Frames 343 Shear s
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Structural Concrete Frames 345 ❏
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Structural Concrete Frames 347 Work
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Structural Concrete Frames 349 6.2
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Structural Concrete Frames 351 is o
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Structural Concrete Frames 353 plac
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Structural Concrete Frames 355 Comp
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Structural Concrete Frames 357 Beam
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Structural Concrete Frames 359 cant
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Structural Concrete Frames 361 Clos
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Structural Concrete Frames 363 Rein
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Structural Concrete Frames 365 Stee
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Structural Concrete Frames 367 Sold
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Structural Concrete Frames 369 Hand
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Structural Concrete Frames 371 Conc
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Structural Concrete Frames 373 Edge
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Figure 6.23 Prop and deck floor pos
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Structural Concrete Frames 377 Main
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Structural Concrete Frames 379 Edge
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Handrail protects workers when pour
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Structural Concrete Frames 383 calc
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Structural Concrete Frames 385 Wire
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Structural Concrete Frames 387 Thru
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Structural Concrete Frames 389 ❏
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Structural Concrete Frames 391 Expo
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Structural Concrete Frames 393 Balc
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Structural Concrete Frames 395 In s
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Structural Concrete Frames 401 comp
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Structural Concrete Frames 403 Stee
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Structural Concrete Frames 405 The
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Structural Concrete Frames 407 Wrap
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Structural Concrete Frames 409 alte
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7 Cladding and Curtain Wall Constru
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Cladding and Curtain Wall Construct
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15 mm Cladding and Curtain Wall Con
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Roof support Roof or eaves level La
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Prefabrication and Off-Site Product
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The finished hospital looks no diff
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Lifts and Escalators 515 ❏ ❏
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Lifts and Escalators 517 will be bu
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Lifts and Escalators 519 hydraulic
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Lifts and Escalators 521 ❏ ❏
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Lifts and Escalators 523 FFL Lift c
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Lifts and Escalators 525 Climbing f
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Lifts and Escalators 527 Above 30 m
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Lifts and Escalators 529 Photograph
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Fit Out and Second Fix 531 cabinets
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Fit Out and Second Fix 533 ❏ ❏
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Fit Out and Second Fix 535 Four-way
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Fit Out and Second Fix 537 Services
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Fit Out and Second Fix 539 Wire han
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Fit Out and Second Fix 541 tiles ar
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Fit Out and Second Fix 543 Metal st
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Fit Out and Second Fix 545 Multiple
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11 Building Obsolescence and Revita
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Building Obsolescence and Revitalis
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Appendix B: Additional References C
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Index Access from heights, 42 Acces
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Index 567 Innovation, 505 Inspectio
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Index 569 Suspended frameless glazi
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