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free a spirit to put up with the restrictions of royal life. Tony could never properly belong to the royal family, his bohemian temperament would never allow it, and Margaret, try as she might to adapt to Tony’s way of life, could never be anything but a part of the royal family. It was the only world she knew. The wedding of Princess Margaret and Antony Armstrong-Jones was held at Westminster Abbey on 6 May 1960 – staged might have been a better word. It was the first great royal spectacular since the Coronation, designed at least in part by the bridegroom himself. Norman Hartnell, whose speciality was the heavily embroidered grand occasion gown such as he had produced for the Coronation and the Queen’s own wedding, was under strict instructions from Armstrong-Jones to keep it simple. The dress was spectacularly plain, depending for effect on simplicity of line and the subtle deployment of thirty yards of white silk organza. A silk tulle veil ordered from Paris by Hartnell fell in clouds from the magnificent Poltimore tiara, bought for the Princess at auction for £5,000, skilfully placed on her dark hair swept up into a chignon. Margaret looked the part of a fairy-tale princess as she was driven to the Abbey in a glass coach, the focus of television cameras sending her image around the world. The sniping of the press at the bridegroom’s unconventional circle of friends, at his ex-girlfriend Jacqui Chan’s choice of that moment to cut a pop record and at the last-minute embarrassment of the withdrawal of his best man, Jeremy Fry, ostensibly because of jaundice but actually due to rumours circulating about an alleged homosexual incident in his past, was eclipsed by the glamour of the occasion. The wedding cost £26,000 and questions had been raised in Parliament over the use of Britannia with its crew of twenty officers and 237 ratings for the six-week honeymoon, when the weekly cost of running the yacht was underwritten by the taxpayer to the extent of some £10,000 a week. The Queen Mother defused this by announcing that she would pay for it out of her own purse. However, the Macmillan Government, eager to cash in on the ‘feel-good factor’, contributed without a qualm. Suez, the criticisms of Altrincham, Osborne and Muggeridge, faded into the past as the public indulged in one of its periodic orgies of mass participation in and identification with royal family occasions. The occasion was splendidly stage-managed by the Lord Chamberlain, and interpreted by the Great Royal Communicator, Richard Dimbleby, without whose voice no royal occasion would have seemed complete. Dimbleby had recently been diagnosed as having cancer (he died five years later), but his choice of phrase to project the image which the public saw on camera and the reverential tone of voice confirming the ritual nature of the occasion were, as always, perfect: For one moment we see the bride now as she looks about her at the Abbey in this lovely gown of white silk organza, with the glittering diadem on her head, the orchids in her hand, and the comforting, tall, friendly, alert figure of the Duke of Edinburgh on whose right arm she can rely… The sun shone, the bride was beautiful; only the gender roles of the old fairy-tale had been reversed. The bridegroom played the Cinderella part, symbolically connecting the traditional royal family with the new talented generation which was to dominate the
next decade. The 1960s was the era of the image, with the photographers acting as high priests to its gods the models and the rock stars. In the West Indies, destination of the honeymoon cruise, a Trinidadian calypso singer had already composed a song of welcome. It ran: ‘Our lovely Princess thought it was stupidness… why shouldn’t a Princess marry a Camera-man?…’
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PENGUIN BOOKS ELIZABETH Sarah Bradf
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Elizabeth A BIOGRAPHY OF HER MAJEST
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For William
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Foreword to Revised Edition When I
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Descendants of Christian IX of Denm
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Second plate section Coronation Day
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1 Destiny ‘In a way I didn’t ha
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and dissolve Parliaments - in actua
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made pregnant by a footman, Queen V
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Prince Albert Edward (known as ‘B
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age which, allied to the splenetic
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‘before their family was even com
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his father, he showed a sure touch
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miserable time kicking his heels at
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But with her charm and enjoyment of
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see,’ Elizabeth’s mother was he
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2 Princess in an Ivory Tower ‘It
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oyal children. Victoria’s last su
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Queen Mary: I fear it has been a ve
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changed round”… she obviously f
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their lives was now settled: weeken
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At their first meeting Crawfie had
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Elizabeth and her grandmother were
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whose lapses they struggled to conc
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Simpson. The increasing prominence
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pretty little knees’). The King,
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Wallis appeared all over the world,
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also above the law, and there would
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3 Heiress ‘I thought it all very,
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Room’ and the ‘Boudoir’, with
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throne they were taking her educati
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Coronation, From Lilibet By Herself
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changed her style to suit current f
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million in today’s money], the ch
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valley; up on the moors the air is
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Chamberlain pursued his policy of c
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that Edward, Duke of Windsor, is th
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occupants of probably the most inse
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Dartmouth; two of the boys had deve
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everything,’ Lampson reported on
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Cynthia Colville, whose son Jock ha
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sitting-room there on the morning o
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educed so that on certain days of t
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The King and Queen were grooming El
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were often childish games like sard
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wrote. He and Milford Haven ‘went
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worrying… Now we have to fight a
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girls her daughter was associating
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5 A Princely Marriage ‘A princely
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during the war, was about to marry
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with difficulty that he faced the w
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off the Gestapo at last.’ One inc
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great comfort,’ the Queen wrote t
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master, Lord Beaverbrook: The Princ
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eyes,’ Crawfie wrote. Once the en
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gin and tonic with Milford Haven be
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old home is still yours & do come b
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originally been built in 1825-30 fo
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handled on that basis. The Civil Se
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as a wedding present), went to Font
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Charles Edward Stuart, ‘Bonnie Pr
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hyme figures on them. There was a g
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World War had drastically shrunk an
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and Margaret. She had loved them an
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fact, years afterwards when it was
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daughter in the terms that his own
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Gloucester. The King was his keenes
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celebrated as usual at Sandringham
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7 Sovereign Lady ‘I never imagine
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I think that those years after the
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Etched into the public consciousnes
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machinery have their tales to tell
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Express, almost the only newspaperm
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the Duke, was the first day of the
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public had insisted on its rights t
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world that vanished in 1939 lived a
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spurs to Lords Hastings and Chursto
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priest and Nathan the prophet, so b
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8 Dark Princess ‘One of the funct
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her to marry a divorced man, howeve
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more and more time with Margaret. O
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futilely, in their forecasts of the
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was, however, furious when, in the
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occasion of Margaret’s twenty-fou
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discussions with her sister about i
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This was the moral straitjacket int
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who could not bring themselves to b
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and over 600 Kandyan dancers and dr
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showing her a drawing and her sayin
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personality since I last saw him at
Page 185 and 186: had been told that he might not las
Page 187 and 188: eplied, ‘Not at all… He could h
Page 189 and 190: Elizabeth was always well briefed.
Page 191 and 192: un on the pound had developed. Brit
Page 193 and 194: tragic turn of fate which laid you
Page 195 and 196: grandee: ‘What do they want?’ T
Page 197 and 198: the main focus of his attack was up
Page 199 and 200: 10 Tweed and Diamonds ‘Poor young
Page 201 and 202: atmosphere in the Private Secretari
Page 203 and 204: same as they had for her forebears,
Page 205 and 206: formidable lady. I got on with her
Page 207 and 208: sphere as Ladies of the Bedchamber
Page 209 and 210: training establishments. She likes
Page 211 and 212: to her work - politics and world af
Page 213 and 214: Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh, dr
Page 215 and 216: 11 Mountbatten - Windsor ‘The Que
Page 217 and 218: his studio in Brick Street, Mayfair
Page 219 and 220: when the Island Sailing Club had gi
Page 221 and 222: took on the headship of various org
Page 223 and 224: Fleet, Field Marshal and Marshal of
Page 225 and 226: sword; his grandmother presented hi
Page 227 and 228: sending him. He went, but had to ru
Page 229 and 230: under the age of 25 has ever known
Page 231 and 232: Now therefore I declare my Will and
Page 233 and 234: to see The Bells Are Ringing. After
Page 235: enjoyed an informal style of living
Page 239 and 240: economically would ultimately fade
Page 241 and 242: Macmillan’s trump card. Elizabeth
Page 243 and 244: to satisfy the Conference that ‘B
Page 245 and 246: Elizabeth’s own first experience
Page 247 and 248: occasion, I’m told.’ Elizabeth
Page 249 and 250: ehaviour. She knew Cliveden, the se
Page 251 and 252: played in the Duke of Windsor saga
Page 253 and 254: summoned to Windsor to see the Quee
Page 255 and 256: and a pail underneath into which bi
Page 257 and 258: caught him completely on the wrong
Page 259 and 260: long time at it…’ The radical T
Page 261 and 262: tenth anniversary of the Coronation
Page 263 and 264: important area of her life - her ch
Page 265 and 266: mercilessly portrayed by cartoonist
Page 267 and 268: Australian terms - from Timbertop.
Page 269 and 270: Counsellors of State entitled to ca
Page 271 and 272: extrovert personality, she had foun
Page 273 and 274: parks the events were held and gett
Page 275 and 276: willing to play with him - absolute
Page 277 and 278: it was only after a threat of legal
Page 279 and 280: luncheon with the royal party but l
Page 281 and 282: Unlike his great-uncle, for whom th
Page 283 and 284: 14 Daylight upon Magic ‘You’re
Page 285 and 286: Poet Laureate, C. Day Lewis, neithe
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from Buckingham Palace. The Palace
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publicity on a subject which both t
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Stationery and office equipment 46,
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The Committee’s recorded proceedi
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suggesting a royal commission into
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to reassure the Commonwealth. Unlik
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One gets a great deal of friendline
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1978, when the representatives of t
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experience. Not only was Margaret T
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continued. Lord Carrington, Thatche
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made concessions, led to the consti
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her Government’. Lastly, the Quee
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and perhaps to avoid the repeated c
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15 Extended Family ‘A family on t
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‘Her story was just like a nightm
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anecdotes which were invariably sel
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marriage. The question of Philip’
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and their active royal role, Elizab
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hostess Mrs Violet Wyndham. As the
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taxpayers by flying off to Mustique
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unspoken put-down - ‘she could ch
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eeked of joss sticks and from out o
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made from the emerald of the Great
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tragedy when Patrick Plunket died,
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ceremonial functions as the heir to
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friends, the elderly South African
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aware of what marriage into the roy
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16 Grim Fairy-Tales ‘It all seeme
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Althorp was tall, good-looking and,
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had been discussed. In 1978 Jane, t
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father, who later, when the marriag
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ealized, was not her type of girl.
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her courtiers might have had faded
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with the Prince at the Brabournes
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shaking like leaves and returned ca
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Sarah was the Fergusons’ second d
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much on his own. His education had
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a deeper level between Elizabeth an
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not an easy man to work for and was
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Prince’s attacks on ministers, wh
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staff included two public school bo
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more impatient with him than they w
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oth Wyatt and Ramzi Sultan, and ind
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epresenting the Queen, and Charles
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News International, owners of the S
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‘Squidgy’, ended with the publi
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father himself had not enjoyed. Fur
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(author’s italics) on their priva
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eing met. The conversation, curious
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the wake of the Waleses’ separati
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the Prince for her co-operation. El
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ambassador. In return Diana made it
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party which Prince Charles was to g
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18 Elizabeth R ‘With the monarchy
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a fundamental condition of royal in
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acknowledge that I hold the said bi
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etween two funds managed by two dif
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and some free nominations for her o
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grandfather; both her grandfather a
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and occupy the purpose-built villag
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are such an inseparable part of Eli
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public desire for a slimmed-down mo
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outside the Palace the newspapers a
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Airways. Relations between Palace a
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the enhanced public profile of the
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‘The long, cool stare’: Elizabe
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‘Uncle David’: Edward as Prince
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Sir Alan ‘Tommy’ Lascelles, Pri
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‘Us four’ at the Royal Lodge, W
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Elizabeth and Philip pose for their
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The new Queen: Elizabeth at London
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‘Blissful’ couple: Margaret and
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February 1957 ‘Bobo’ - Margaret
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Elizabeth seen with her Private Sec
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David George Coke Patrick Ogilvy, 1
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The fairy-tale Princess and her Sol
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Love Story II: The Prince of Wales
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Elizabeth with her racing manager a
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Balmoral Castle, set in the green v
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Elizabeth and Philip with their sen
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‘That’s what it’s all about
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Epilogue ‘Everyone thinks what fu
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American observer put it, ‘You ta
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Acknowledgements By kind permission
Page 455 and 456:
Sources All royal letters and diari
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3: Heiress 1. Norman Hartnell, Silv
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6: The Edinburghs 1. Balliol Colleg
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1. Townsend, op. cit., p. 189 2. Th
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16. cited in Anthony Holden, Charle
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4. Longford, op. cit., p. 276 5. In
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3. Bernard Palmer, High and Mitred
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Falkender, Marcia, Inside Number 10
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Vickers, Hugo, Alice: Princess Andr
Page 473 and 474:
Altrincham, John Grigg, 2nd Baron,
Page 475 and 476:
Blunt, Alfred Walter Frank, Bishop
Page 477 and 478:
Charles I, King, 2, 95 Charles:The
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and outbreak of war, 86, 88; at Win
Page 481 and 482:
dedication, 179-80, 186; and Common
Page 483 and 484:
Francis, Mary, 514 Franz, Prince, D
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Hailsham, Douglas McGarel Hogg, 1st
Page 487 and 488:
Imperial Poona Yacht Club, 263 In W
Page 489 and 490:
Legh family, 43 Legh, Diana, 64, 74
Page 491 and 492:
Meade, Richard, 334 Meet the Press
Page 493 and 494:
Nyerere, Julius, 362, 376 Ogilvy, A
Page 495 and 496:
Rainier, Prince of Monaco, 458 Ramp
Page 497 and 498:
Soames, Christopher, Baron, 217, 40
Page 499 and 500:
Viktoria Luise, Duchess of Brunswic
Page 501 and 502:
York Cottage, Sandringham, 14, 500
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